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Rural Health Information Hub

Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

Summary 
  • Need: More evidenced-based chronic lower respiratory disease management options for rural Appalachia patients, where lung disease rates are among the highest in the country.
  • Intervention: Implementation of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs in 2 Federally Qualified Health Centers and a Critical Access Hospital in West Virginia.
  • Results: Improved health outcomes for patients with chronic lower respiratory disease, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Evidence-level

Effective (About evidence-level criteria)

Description

COPD map
Source: CDC

Chronic lower respiratory disease is one of the five leading causes of preventable death in rural America. One of these respiratory problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has an overall rural prevalence rate 50% greater than urban areas. Further review of 2014 census tract rates demonstrated high COPD prevalence in Appalachian states, such as Kentucky and West Virginia.

Modern management strategies for chronic lung disease include pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). In urban settings, PR has evidence for improving quality of life, increasing exercise capacity, and decreasing shortness of breath. PR also provides patients with education. Additional evidence shows PR offers a cost savings through fewer and shorter hospital admissions.

Despite the evidence supporting PR benefits for chronic lower respiratory diseases, few programs exist in rural areas and virtually none in outpatient facilities away from hospital campuses. To bring these PR benefits to outpatients in areas with a high prevalence of lower respiratory disease, the Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation program was implemented with funding from pooled resources of six private entities.

Originally known as the Grace Anne Dorney Pulmonary Rehabilitation Project (GADPRP) of West Virginia, the program initially started in 2 Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and 1 Critical Access Hospital (CAH) and specifically included respiratory therapists as members of the primary health care team. These specialists provided professional services such as improved frequency and quality of pulmonary function testing and improved knowledge and use of respiratory disease care guidelines. They also provided patient education, including the self-management of chronic lung problems for patients with diseases such as COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.

In 2018, the program acquired fiscal and administrative support with Partners in Health Network and was renamed the Appalachian Pulmonary Health Project, however the network and all sites retain the Grace Anne Dorney Pulmonary Rehabilitation Network affiliation.

The program has identified 4 goals:

  • COPD primary prevention activities
  • Quality-assured spirometry expansion
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation site expansion
  • Chronic lung disease care management services

Research support for the program, its implementation, and the clinical outcomes study was provided by grant funding from the West Virginia Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (National Institute of General Medical Sciences, U54GM104942), the Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation, and the Dorney-Koppel Foundation. The West Virginia Practice Based Research Network was also involved.

As of 2024, the program continues serving the Cabin Creek Health System area patients.

Services offered

Boone Memorial Hospital Madison West Virginia PR team
Quarterly meeting of GADPRP team members.
  • Program interval of one year, with 24 sessions
  • Patient evaluations for oxygen and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/CPAP interventions
  • Certification/re-certification assistance for prescribing providers caring for patients with oxygen/CPAP needs
  • Performance of 6 PR outcome measures
  • Sleep studies
  • Patient education for all aspects of COPD and other chronic lung diseases, including self-care skills
  • Asthma action plans

Results

Formal initial study results for November 2013-June 2015:

  • 57% program completion rate (111 of original 195 patients)
  • 76% (84 of 111)) had increased exercise capacity as indicated by the minimal important difference of 85 feet
  • Significant improvement in all 6 PR program outcome measures
  • 36% of graduates returned for exercise at least once at their original PR site, with many others choosing to continue an exercise program at home or at other exercise facilities
  • 22% (5 of 23) were successful in tobacco cessation
  • Improved provider interpretation of pulmonary function test results
  • Increased use of respiratory disease clinical guidelines

Results from this program are similar to those reported by large hospitals and referral centers. These findings can also be used to support PR expansion to other rural outpatient facilities.

Other benefits of rural programs include better access due to less distance, lower transportation costs, and continuity of care with patients' primary care providers.

Adding respiratory therapists to the PR team provided notable benefits, such as pulmonary function testing expertise. These professionals also served as expert educators, providing the special perspective needed for teaching self-management skills to patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Patient enrollment numbers continue to be strong at all 3 sites. Due to the original sites' successes, two additional rural West Virginia PR programs have opened.

For more information on this program:

Doyle D, Tommarello C, Broce M, Emmett M, Pollard C. Implementation and Outcomes of a Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in Rural Appalachia. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2017 Jul; 37(4):295-298.

Patients share benefits of PR in this video:

Challenges

  • Creating respiratory therapist job descriptions
  • Dropout rates due to:
    • Transportation issues
    • Staffing ratios
    • Staff personalities and motivation
    • Pulmonary illness exacerbations and co-morbid illness issues
    • Mobility loss
    • Expense
    • Death

Replication

New River Health, Scarbro West Virginia
Therapist providing patient education.
  • Identification of funding partners willing to provide a Memorandum of Agreement for start-up
  • Pre-planning sessions for creating protocols and procedures
  • Creation of operational space
  • Exercise equipment and educational materials purchases
  • Recruitment and training of respiratory therapists
  • Additional identification of:
    • Staffing needs other than respiratory therapists
    • Administrative needs for policy creation, billing and coding procedures
    • Supervising physicians
    • Liability insurance coverage needs

Topics
Appalachia
Chronic respiratory conditions
Federally Qualified Health Centers

States served
West Virginia

Date added
November 1, 2017

Date updated or reviewed
January 15, 2024

Suggested citation: Rural Health Information Hub, 2024. Community-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program [online]. Rural Health Information Hub. Available at: https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/project-examples/983 [Accessed 2 December 2024]


Please contact the models and innovations contact directly for the most complete and current information about this program. Summaries of models and innovations are provided by RHIhub for your convenience. The programs described are not endorsed by RHIhub or by the Federal Office of Rural Health Policy. Each rural community should consider whether a particular project or approach is a good match for their community’s needs and capacity. While it is sometimes possible to adapt program components to match your resources, keep in mind that changes to the program design may impact results.