Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Pharmacy and prescription drugs
MedPAC Payment Basics
Series of briefs providing an of Medicare payment systems. Covers payments systems including Accountable Care Organizations (ACO), Critical Access Hospitals (CAH), Federally Qualified Health Centers and Rural Health Clinics, hospital acute inpatient services, and more.
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Series of briefs providing an of Medicare payment systems. Covers payments systems including Accountable Care Organizations (ACO), Critical Access Hospitals (CAH), Federally Qualified Health Centers and Rural Health Clinics, hospital acute inpatient services, and more.
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Medicare Payment Basics: Part D Payment System
Overview of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, including subsidy amounts, payments to plans, how enrollee premiums are calculated, and benefit and payment updates.
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Overview of the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, including subsidy amounts, payments to plans, how enrollee premiums are calculated, and benefit and payment updates.
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Benzodiazepines and Opioid Co-Use Among Rural People Who Use Drugs: Findings From the Rural Opioid Initiative
Explores the patterns of co-usage of benzodiazepines and opioids in rural areas. Highlights data related to health outcomes, demographic characteristics, interactions with law enforcement, and the co-use of other drugs, among other measures.
Author(s): L. Sarah Mixson, Arvind Venkataraman, Lydia N. Drumright, et al.
Citation: Substance Use & Addiction Journal, 46(4), 847-858
Date: 10/2025
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Explores the patterns of co-usage of benzodiazepines and opioids in rural areas. Highlights data related to health outcomes, demographic characteristics, interactions with law enforcement, and the co-use of other drugs, among other measures.
Author(s): L. Sarah Mixson, Arvind Venkataraman, Lydia N. Drumright, et al.
Citation: Substance Use & Addiction Journal, 46(4), 847-858
Date: 10/2025
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Benzodiazepine Use Among Older Adults: Any Use and Concurrent Use With Opioids
Statistical brief examining rates of prescription benzodiazepine use by demographic group, insurance type, and health status, using 2021-2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) data. See Figure 6 for metro-nonmetro comparison data on benzodiazepine use and concurrent benzodiazepine-opioid use.
Author(s): Salam Abdus, G. Edward Miller
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Statistical brief examining rates of prescription benzodiazepine use by demographic group, insurance type, and health status, using 2021-2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) data. See Figure 6 for metro-nonmetro comparison data on benzodiazepine use and concurrent benzodiazepine-opioid use.
Author(s): Salam Abdus, G. Edward Miller
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Calendar Year (CY) 2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule (CMS-1832-F)
Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) final rule regarding updates and changes to the Medicare payments under the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) and other Medicare Part B issues for calendar year 2026. Summarizes provisions related to telehealth services; improving care for chronic illness and behavioral health needs; Rural Health Clinic (RHC) and Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) care coordination services, services requiring direct supervision, and telecommunication services; and more.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) final rule regarding updates and changes to the Medicare payments under the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) and other Medicare Part B issues for calendar year 2026. Summarizes provisions related to telehealth services; improving care for chronic illness and behavioral health needs; Rural Health Clinic (RHC) and Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) care coordination services, services requiring direct supervision, and telecommunication services; and more.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Barriers to Health Care among Rural Adults by Disability Status
Examines various barriers to healthcare access for rural adults with a disability. Utilizes 2022 National Health Interview Survey data to analyze rural adults with disabilities compared to rural adults without disabilities, with further breakdowns by demographic and socioeconomic variables as well as delayed healthcare due to cost, inability to afford prescription medication, clinic hours or availability, transportation, travel time, or insurance status.
Author(s): Alexis Swendener, Mariana Tuttle, Ingrid Jacobson, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(2), e70086
Date: 10/2025
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Examines various barriers to healthcare access for rural adults with a disability. Utilizes 2022 National Health Interview Survey data to analyze rural adults with disabilities compared to rural adults without disabilities, with further breakdowns by demographic and socioeconomic variables as well as delayed healthcare due to cost, inability to afford prescription medication, clinic hours or availability, transportation, travel time, or insurance status.
Author(s): Alexis Swendener, Mariana Tuttle, Ingrid Jacobson, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(2), e70086
Date: 10/2025
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Inequity, Workload, and External Factors: A Descriptive Study on High-Intensity Statin Prescriptions for Patients with Clinical Cardiovascular Disease and at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Examines adherence to guidelines related to statin prescriptions to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Utilizes medical chart data from 20,923 ASCVD patients according to statin prescribing rates and patient demographics, including rural versus urban residence.
Author(s): Liberty Nguyen, Ethlyn Voorhies, Christy Jesme, et al.
Citation: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25, 718
Date: 10/2025
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Examines adherence to guidelines related to statin prescriptions to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Utilizes medical chart data from 20,923 ASCVD patients according to statin prescribing rates and patient demographics, including rural versus urban residence.
Author(s): Liberty Nguyen, Ethlyn Voorhies, Christy Jesme, et al.
Citation: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25, 718
Date: 10/2025
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Trends in Opioid Prescribing by Oncologists for Medicare Beneficiaries from 2014 to 2022
Examines trends in opioid prescribing among oncologists before and after the FDA's 2018 Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for opioids revision, utilizing 2014-2022 Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use Files data. Breaks down data by opioid type, oncologist subspecialty, geographic region, and rurality.
Author(s): Shaimaa Elshafie, Lorenzo Villa Zapata
Citation: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 31(10), 991-996
Date: 10/2025
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Examines trends in opioid prescribing among oncologists before and after the FDA's 2018 Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy for opioids revision, utilizing 2014-2022 Medicare Part D Prescriber Public Use Files data. Breaks down data by opioid type, oncologist subspecialty, geographic region, and rurality.
Author(s): Shaimaa Elshafie, Lorenzo Villa Zapata
Citation: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 31(10), 991-996
Date: 10/2025
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Drone-Based Medication Delivery for Rural, Flood-Prone Coastal Communities
Discusses access to essential medical services and healthcare for rural communities in Virginia's flood-prone Eastern Shore. Utilizes geospatial data to examine the impact of drone-based medication delivery to overcome transportation barriers in these communities.
Author(s): Yin-Hsuen Chen, Amro M. El-Adle, Kevin J. O'Brien, Taylor Wentworth, Heather G. Richter
Citation: PLoS One, 20(10), e0333696
Date: 10/2025
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Discusses access to essential medical services and healthcare for rural communities in Virginia's flood-prone Eastern Shore. Utilizes geospatial data to examine the impact of drone-based medication delivery to overcome transportation barriers in these communities.
Author(s): Yin-Hsuen Chen, Amro M. El-Adle, Kevin J. O'Brien, Taylor Wentworth, Heather G. Richter
Citation: PLoS One, 20(10), e0333696
Date: 10/2025
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Estimating Emergency Department Utilization of Select Drugs during Extreme Heat Events
Examines excess emergency department (ED) visits and drug utilization surges for heat-related illness. Utilizes medical claims data to analyze heatwave related illnesses and provides modeling that predicts associated ED visits and drug utilization surges. Includes a county-level U.S. map showing days of extreme heat each year and discusses the impact on rural areas.
Author(s): Daniel McGeeney, Shruti Rathnavel, Emily McAden, Clifton Dassuncao, Aylin Sertkaya
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Eastern Research Group, Inc., HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Examines excess emergency department (ED) visits and drug utilization surges for heat-related illness. Utilizes medical claims data to analyze heatwave related illnesses and provides modeling that predicts associated ED visits and drug utilization surges. Includes a county-level U.S. map showing days of extreme heat each year and discusses the impact on rural areas.
Author(s): Daniel McGeeney, Shruti Rathnavel, Emily McAden, Clifton Dassuncao, Aylin Sertkaya
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Eastern Research Group, Inc., HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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