Characterizing Rurality Using the All of Us Research Program Data

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Provides a definition of rurality utilizing a 3-digit ZIP code-level scale. Applies definition to the All of Us Research Program to analyze rural healthcare issues such as access, delayed care, and affordability. Includes the definition's methodology and a U.S. map showcasing distribution of 3-digit ZIP codes according to rurality.

Michael Bradfield, Toluwanimi Olorunnisola, Vignesh Subbian

PLoS One, 20(12), e0328958

12/2025

Access · Population health · Rural definitions · Statistics and data