Stroke Technology Diffusion in Rural Settings: Differential Exposure to Certification Levels by Community Income Levels

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Analyzes how access to certified stroke center services has varied over time among rural communities by median family income level, using 2009-2019 Medicare Provider and Analysis Review (MedPAR) data. Compares access to Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals, Primary Stroke Centers, Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Centers, or Comprehensive Stroke Centers among low, medium, and high-income communities.

Yu-Chu Shen, Maya Spencer, Renee Y. Hsia

Neurology, 106(4), e214644

01/2026

Access · Cardiovascular disease · Health disparities · Income · Statistics and data