Rural Health Disadvantages in the United States: Evidence from Nationally Representative Data

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Describes rural and urban mortality rate disparities since the 1990s and then examines National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999, 2000, 2017, and 2020 to identify both individual and place-based factors associated with health outcomes within large metropolitan, small/medium metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan areas. Discusses disparities in the working adult population and how county characteristics contribute to rural and urban gaps.

Brandon Restrepo, Elizabeth A. Dobis, Sarah A. Low, Kelsey L. Thomas

Economics & Human Biology, 62

09/2026

Health conditions · Health disparities · Mortality · Rural-urban differences · Statistics and data