Urban-Rural Variability in Infant Formula Availability and Product Variety in United States Counties from 2022 to 2024

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Examines infant formula variety and availability across rural and urban U.S. counties. Utilizes 2022-2024 infant formula product listing data as well as Household Pulse Survey data to analyze metro versus nonmetro differences in households using infant formula, difficulty in purchasing formula, and number of unique formula products by county.

Gavin J. Fenske, Jessica E. Todd, Saied Toossi, Latasha A. Robinson, Jane M. Van Doren

Journal of Food Protection, 89(11), 100916

11/2026

Children and youth · Food security and nutrition · Rural-urban differences · Statistics and data