Community Characteristics Associated With Health System Penetration

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Examines the relationship between community-level characteristics and health system penetration. Analyzes the geographic healthcare market using 2020 Commuting Zones (CZs) and provides 2016-2023 data on health system penetration according to solo-hospital zones, multi-hospital zones, community sociodemographics, rurality, and region. Includes U.S. maps showing distribution of health system penetration by CZ in 2016 and 2023.

Haoyu Bi, Mark Louie Ramos, Jeannette A. Rogowski, Charleen Hsuan

Medical Care Research and Review, 83(6)

09/2026

Health systems · Poverty · Rural-urban differences · Statistics and data