Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Healthcare needs and services
End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model: Third Annual Evaluation Report, Calendar Years 2021-2023
Evaluation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model, incorporating analyses of home dialysis use, waitlisting for a kidney transplant, living donor and deceased donor transplantation, utilization of services, Medicare payments, and quality of care. Features results from interviews and surveys involving model participants and beneficiaries, and examines impacts of the first three years of the ETC Model, 2021-2023. Explores if the impacts of the ETC Model differed by patient subgroup, including rural residence.
Additional links: Appendices, Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, The Lewin Group
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Evaluation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model, incorporating analyses of home dialysis use, waitlisting for a kidney transplant, living donor and deceased donor transplantation, utilization of services, Medicare payments, and quality of care. Features results from interviews and surveys involving model participants and beneficiaries, and examines impacts of the first three years of the ETC Model, 2021-2023. Explores if the impacts of the ETC Model differed by patient subgroup, including rural residence.
Additional links: Appendices, Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, The Lewin Group
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Supply, Distribution, and Access to Cardiologists, Oncologists, and Pulmonologists in the Rural and Urban U.S.
Describes the changes in the supply and demand of four specialists - cardiologists, neurologists, oncologists, and pulmonologists - between 2012 and 2022. Compares data on the ratio of these specialists per 100,000 population across urban, large rural, and small/isolated rural areas. Explores the socioeconomic characteristics of rural counties with and without one of these specialists in 2022. Summarizes perspectives of rural health system leaders on how specialty care is accessed by and delivered to rural patients.
Author(s): Signe Burchim, David Evans, Nathan Maris, et al.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Describes the changes in the supply and demand of four specialists - cardiologists, neurologists, oncologists, and pulmonologists - between 2012 and 2022. Compares data on the ratio of these specialists per 100,000 population across urban, large rural, and small/isolated rural areas. Explores the socioeconomic characteristics of rural counties with and without one of these specialists in 2022. Summarizes perspectives of rural health system leaders on how specialty care is accessed by and delivered to rural patients.
Author(s): Signe Burchim, David Evans, Nathan Maris, et al.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Use of Cancer Screening Tests, United States, 2023
Examines use of screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Utilizes 2023 National Health Interview Survey data to analyze percentage of adults who are up-to-date with screening recommendations according to age, sociodemographics, healthcare usage, and large central metropolitan, large fringe metropolitan, medium/small metropolitan, or nonmetropolitan location.
Author(s): Susan A. Sabatino, Trevor D. Thompson, Jennifer M. Croswell, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 08/2025
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Examines use of screening tests for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Utilizes 2023 National Health Interview Survey data to analyze percentage of adults who are up-to-date with screening recommendations according to age, sociodemographics, healthcare usage, and large central metropolitan, large fringe metropolitan, medium/small metropolitan, or nonmetropolitan location.
Author(s): Susan A. Sabatino, Trevor D. Thompson, Jennifer M. Croswell, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 08/2025
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Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13–17 Years — National Immunization Survey-Teen, United States, 2024
Reports on vaccination coverage among U.S. adolescents for ages 13 through 17. Includes nonmetro data on vaccination for the following vaccines: Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis), MenACWY (quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate), and HPV (human papillomavirus), as well as data on provider recommendation for HPV vaccination.
Author(s): Cassandra Pingali, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(30), 466-472
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Reports on vaccination coverage among U.S. adolescents for ages 13 through 17. Includes nonmetro data on vaccination for the following vaccines: Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis), MenACWY (quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate), and HPV (human papillomavirus), as well as data on provider recommendation for HPV vaccination.
Author(s): Cassandra Pingali, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(30), 466-472
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Traffic Safety Facts, 2023 Data: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Data
Presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Features statistics including rural fatal crashes by average emergency medical services response times, vehicles involved in fatal crashes by speed limit, roadway function class, crash type, and hazardous cargo, and vehicle occupants killed in crashes, with breakdowns by state and by rural or urban location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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Presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Features statistics including rural fatal crashes by average emergency medical services response times, vehicles involved in fatal crashes by speed limit, roadway function class, crash type, and hazardous cargo, and vehicle occupants killed in crashes, with breakdowns by state and by rural or urban location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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NSDUH (National Survey on Drug Use and Health) Detailed Tables - 2024
Explores 2024 survey data on use of prescription and illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco and nicotine products, trends in substance use disorder (SUD) and mental illness, and access to treatment for youth and adults. Features statistics for a variety of demographic and geographic characteristics, including rural versus urban status.
Additional links: Methodological Summary and Definitions - 2024
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Explores 2024 survey data on use of prescription and illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco and nicotine products, trends in substance use disorder (SUD) and mental illness, and access to treatment for youth and adults. Features statistics for a variety of demographic and geographic characteristics, including rural versus urban status.
Additional links: Methodological Summary and Definitions - 2024
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Baseline Estimates of Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Adults Aged 45 to 75 Years, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Examines colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates for adults aged 45 to 75. Utilizes 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data to analyze CRC screening status according to respondent demographics, income, access to healthcare and health plans, and metro versus nonmetro location.
Author(s): Sallyann Coleman King, Jessica King, Cheryll C. Thomas, Lisa C. Richardson
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 08/2025
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Examines colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates for adults aged 45 to 75. Utilizes 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data to analyze CRC screening status according to respondent demographics, income, access to healthcare and health plans, and metro versus nonmetro location.
Author(s): Sallyann Coleman King, Jessica King, Cheryll C. Thomas, Lisa C. Richardson
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 08/2025
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FY 2026 Medicare Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Prospective Payment System (IPF PPS) and Quality Reporting (IPFQR) Updates Final Rule (CMS-1831-F)
Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2026 inpatient psychiatric facility (IPF) prospective payment system (PPS) final rule. Covers annual updates to the prospective payment rates, outlier threshold, and wage index. Also describes changes to facility-level adjustment factors for teaching status and rural location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2026 inpatient psychiatric facility (IPF) prospective payment system (PPS) final rule. Covers annual updates to the prospective payment rates, outlier threshold, and wage index. Also describes changes to facility-level adjustment factors for teaching status and rural location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Medicare Advantage Enrollees Account for 25% of all Inpatient Hospital Days
Describes the growth of Medicare Advantage (MA) as a share of hospital inpatient days between 2013 and 2022. Presents data from hospital cost reports submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) regarding the share of inpatient days attributable to MA compared to traditional Medicare, the percentage of hospitals with more inpatient days from Medicare Advantage than traditional Medicare, and the variation across hospitals within counties. Compares trends in the share of inpatient days for MA enrollees across urban; rural, adjacent to a metro area; and rural, not adjacent to a metro area hospitals.
Author(s): Jamie Godwin, Jeannie Fuglesten Biniek, Zachary Levinson, Tricia Neuman
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Describes the growth of Medicare Advantage (MA) as a share of hospital inpatient days between 2013 and 2022. Presents data from hospital cost reports submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) regarding the share of inpatient days attributable to MA compared to traditional Medicare, the percentage of hospitals with more inpatient days from Medicare Advantage than traditional Medicare, and the variation across hospitals within counties. Compares trends in the share of inpatient days for MA enrollees across urban; rural, adjacent to a metro area; and rural, not adjacent to a metro area hospitals.
Author(s): Jamie Godwin, Jeannie Fuglesten Biniek, Zachary Levinson, Tricia Neuman
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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The Current Landscape of Rural, Remote, and Frontier Mental Health in America
Fact sheet highlights a number factors in rural and frontier communities that affect mental health access. Discusses population-based considerations, barriers to access, and education and training.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
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Fact sheet highlights a number factors in rural and frontier communities that affect mental health access. Discusses population-based considerations, barriers to access, and education and training.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
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