Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Specialty care
Rural and Urban Differences in Prostate Cancer Recurrence
Examines rates of prostate cancer recurrence among 778 rural and urban men, utilizing data from the North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness Survivor Study. Analyzes the association of rurality and other demographic and clinical factors with recurrence.
Author(s): Julia B. Balmaceda, Aaron J. Katz, Katelyn Kane, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 8(8), e2526912
Date: 08/2025
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Examines rates of prostate cancer recurrence among 778 rural and urban men, utilizing data from the North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness Survivor Study. Analyzes the association of rurality and other demographic and clinical factors with recurrence.
Author(s): Julia B. Balmaceda, Aaron J. Katz, Katelyn Kane, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 8(8), e2526912
Date: 08/2025
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End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model: Third Annual Evaluation Report, Calendar Years 2021-2023
Evaluation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model, incorporating analyses of home dialysis use, waitlisting for a kidney transplant, living donor and deceased donor transplantation, utilization of services, Medicare payments, and quality of care. Features results from interviews and surveys involving model participants and beneficiaries, and examines impacts of the first three years of the ETC Model, 2021-2023. Explores if the impacts of the ETC Model differed by patient subgroup, including rural residence.
Additional links: Appendices, Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, The Lewin Group
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Evaluation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) Model, incorporating analyses of home dialysis use, waitlisting for a kidney transplant, living donor and deceased donor transplantation, utilization of services, Medicare payments, and quality of care. Features results from interviews and surveys involving model participants and beneficiaries, and examines impacts of the first three years of the ETC Model, 2021-2023. Explores if the impacts of the ETC Model differed by patient subgroup, including rural residence.
Additional links: Appendices, Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, The Lewin Group
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Supply, Distribution, and Access to Cardiologists, Oncologists, and Pulmonologists in the Rural and Urban U.S.
Describes the changes in the supply and demand of four specialists - cardiologists, neurologists, oncologists, and pulmonologists - between 2012 and 2022. Compares data on the ratio of these specialists per 100,000 population across urban, large rural, and small/isolated rural areas. Explores the socioeconomic characteristics of rural counties with and without one of these specialists in 2022. Summarizes perspectives of rural health system leaders on how specialty care is accessed by and delivered to rural patients.
Author(s): Signe Burchim, David Evans, Nathan Maris, et al.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Describes the changes in the supply and demand of four specialists - cardiologists, neurologists, oncologists, and pulmonologists - between 2012 and 2022. Compares data on the ratio of these specialists per 100,000 population across urban, large rural, and small/isolated rural areas. Explores the socioeconomic characteristics of rural counties with and without one of these specialists in 2022. Summarizes perspectives of rural health system leaders on how specialty care is accessed by and delivered to rural patients.
Author(s): Signe Burchim, David Evans, Nathan Maris, et al.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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An Examination of Geographic Proximity to Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation in Rural Versus Urban Tennessee Counties
Examines travel distance and time to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) facilities in Tennessee counties. Provides rural versus urban comparisons of OCR facility access as well as county-level Tennessee maps showing myocardial infarction hospitalization rate and travel burden.
Author(s): Phoebe M. Tran, Benjamin Fogelson, Andrew B. Sorey, R. Eric Heidel, Raj Baljepally
Citation: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 41(2), 120-124
Date: 07/2025
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Examines travel distance and time to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) facilities in Tennessee counties. Provides rural versus urban comparisons of OCR facility access as well as county-level Tennessee maps showing myocardial infarction hospitalization rate and travel burden.
Author(s): Phoebe M. Tran, Benjamin Fogelson, Andrew B. Sorey, R. Eric Heidel, Raj Baljepally
Citation: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 41(2), 120-124
Date: 07/2025
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Cancer in Rural America: Improving Access to Clinical Trials and Quality of Oncologic Care
Discusses the importance of rural populations accessing oncologic clinical trials to decrease cancer morbidity and mortality rates in rural areas. Provides rural versus urban patient data on distance from trial sites as well as prevalence of chronic disease. Suggests strategies and policies to improve access to clinical trials.
Author(s): Joseph M. Unger, Barbara L. McAneny, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon
Citation: CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 75(4), 341-361
Date: 07/2025
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Discusses the importance of rural populations accessing oncologic clinical trials to decrease cancer morbidity and mortality rates in rural areas. Provides rural versus urban patient data on distance from trial sites as well as prevalence of chronic disease. Suggests strategies and policies to improve access to clinical trials.
Author(s): Joseph M. Unger, Barbara L. McAneny, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon
Citation: CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 75(4), 341-361
Date: 07/2025
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Gaps in Access to Pulmonary Hypertension Care and Opportunities for Improvement: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study
Discusses access barriers to pulmonary hypertension (PH) specialty care in the United States. Utilizes qualitative feedback from staff and patients at 3 PH healthcare centers and discusses issues such as lack of expertise, lack of insurance coverage, and geographic barriers to care, including in rural areas.
Author(s): Kari R. Gillmeyer, Sara Shusterman, Seppo T. Rinne, A. Rani Elwy, Renda Soylemez Wiener
Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 25, 355
Date: 07/2025
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Discusses access barriers to pulmonary hypertension (PH) specialty care in the United States. Utilizes qualitative feedback from staff and patients at 3 PH healthcare centers and discusses issues such as lack of expertise, lack of insurance coverage, and geographic barriers to care, including in rural areas.
Author(s): Kari R. Gillmeyer, Sara Shusterman, Seppo T. Rinne, A. Rani Elwy, Renda Soylemez Wiener
Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 25, 355
Date: 07/2025
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Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Differences of the Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Survivors' Care
Examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in metro and nonmetro locations. Utilizes 2021 Health Information National Trends-Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (HINTS-SEER) data from cancer survivors regarding their routine cancer screening, preventive care, treatment, and follow-up appointments.
Author(s): Whitney E. Zahnd, Jason T. Semprini, Robin C. Vanderpool, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(3)
Date: 07/2025
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Examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in metro and nonmetro locations. Utilizes 2021 Health Information National Trends-Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (HINTS-SEER) data from cancer survivors regarding their routine cancer screening, preventive care, treatment, and follow-up appointments.
Author(s): Whitney E. Zahnd, Jason T. Semprini, Robin C. Vanderpool, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(3)
Date: 07/2025
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Spatial Accessibility of Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs, Compared with Other Health Care Facilities, in New York State, 2024
Examines spatial accessibility to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in New York State. Analyzes one-way travel time as well as the difference in travel between the closest and fifth closest facility. Includes maps comparing travel time to SUD treatment to other healthcare facilities in rural and urban areas of New York State.
Author(s): Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, Pat Lincourt, Ashly E. Jordan
Citation: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 20, 60
Date: 07/2025
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Examines spatial accessibility to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in New York State. Analyzes one-way travel time as well as the difference in travel between the closest and fifth closest facility. Includes maps comparing travel time to SUD treatment to other healthcare facilities in rural and urban areas of New York State.
Author(s): Marcus A. Bachhuber, Chinazo O. Cunningham, Pat Lincourt, Ashly E. Jordan
Citation: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 20, 60
Date: 07/2025
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MedPAC Data Book: Health Care Spending and the Medicare Program, 2025
Provides an overview of Medicare spending and highlights data on Medicare beneficiary demographics, dual-eligible beneficiaries, quality of care provided through the Medicare program, and other payer liability. Examines settings of care, including rural-specific provider sites, as they relate to spending, access to care, and profit margins. Compares rural and urban beneficiaries and providers throughout. Chart 6-2 addresses rural hospital closures and Rural Emergency Hospital conversions.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Provides an overview of Medicare spending and highlights data on Medicare beneficiary demographics, dual-eligible beneficiaries, quality of care provided through the Medicare program, and other payer liability. Examines settings of care, including rural-specific provider sites, as they relate to spending, access to care, and profit margins. Compares rural and urban beneficiaries and providers throughout. Chart 6-2 addresses rural hospital closures and Rural Emergency Hospital conversions.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Empowering Patients to Participate in Clinical Trials
Discusses the importance of clinical trials as well as the barriers that impact participant enrollment and retention. Provides strategies and policy suggestions to improve participation in clinical trials for various populations, including those in rural and remote areas.
Author(s): Allison Kolbe, Agata Bodie
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Discusses the importance of clinical trials as well as the barriers that impact participant enrollment and retention. Provides strategies and policy suggestions to improve participation in clinical trials for various populations, including those in rural and remote areas.
Author(s): Allison Kolbe, Agata Bodie
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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