Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Statistics and data
The Golden Hour Is Elusive in Rural Trauma: A 10-year Analysis from a Level I Trauma Center in Montana
Analyzed 4,213 trauma patients between 2012 and 2022 at a Level 1 trauma facility in Montana to determine whether trauma transfer patterns and rurality impacted outcomes. Discusses the goal of offering definitive care within 1 hour of injury and the impact of workforce shortages in rural areas.
Author(s): Jung G. Min, Maggie Smith, Michael S. Englehart, et al.
Citation: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 103, 127-131
Date: 05/2026
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Analyzed 4,213 trauma patients between 2012 and 2022 at a Level 1 trauma facility in Montana to determine whether trauma transfer patterns and rurality impacted outcomes. Discusses the goal of offering definitive care within 1 hour of injury and the impact of workforce shortages in rural areas.
Author(s): Jung G. Min, Maggie Smith, Michael S. Englehart, et al.
Citation: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 103, 127-131
Date: 05/2026
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Significant Mediation by Sadness and Self-Injury Is Observed in Associations Between County-Level Cyberbullying Victimization and Youth Suicidality in Rural New York State
Explores the relationship between cyberbullying, traditional bullying, and suicidality in rural counties in New York State. Highlights rates of bullying and cyberbullying, self-harm, recreational screen time, and other measures by demographic characteristic data.
Author(s): Laura E. Jones, Riya Nadkarni, Nicole Krupa
Citation: Journal of Affective Disorders, 401(15), 121270
Date: 05/2026
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Explores the relationship between cyberbullying, traditional bullying, and suicidality in rural counties in New York State. Highlights rates of bullying and cyberbullying, self-harm, recreational screen time, and other measures by demographic characteristic data.
Author(s): Laura E. Jones, Riya Nadkarni, Nicole Krupa
Citation: Journal of Affective Disorders, 401(15), 121270
Date: 05/2026
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Payer Mix Shifts and Profitability at Critical Access Hospitals, 2011 to 2023
Analyzes 1,384 Critical Access Hospitals between 2011 and 2023 to determine the impact of changes in commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and uncompensated care on their finances. Discusses reimbursement policy based on study findings.
Author(s): Yusheng Jia, Yue Li, Xueya Cai, Samuel J. Enumah
Citation: Health Affairs Scholar, 4(4)
Date: 04/2026
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Analyzes 1,384 Critical Access Hospitals between 2011 and 2023 to determine the impact of changes in commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, and uncompensated care on their finances. Discusses reimbursement policy based on study findings.
Author(s): Yusheng Jia, Yue Li, Xueya Cai, Samuel J. Enumah
Citation: Health Affairs Scholar, 4(4)
Date: 04/2026
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Associations of Occupational Exposures on Environmental Allergies Among Farmers and Ranchers in the Central United States
Explores demographics and occupational exposures associated with allergies among farmers in 7 states. Notes public health implications based on study findings and highlights opportunities for further research.
Author(s): Alexandrea Welch, Cheryl Beseler, Yi Du, Shaun Cross, Risto H. Rautiainen
Citation: Journal of Agromedicine, 2026
Date: 04/2026
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Explores demographics and occupational exposures associated with allergies among farmers in 7 states. Notes public health implications based on study findings and highlights opportunities for further research.
Author(s): Alexandrea Welch, Cheryl Beseler, Yi Du, Shaun Cross, Risto H. Rautiainen
Citation: Journal of Agromedicine, 2026
Date: 04/2026
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Access to Phones and Use of International Numbers Among Farmworkers in North Carolina, 2023–2024
Explores access to and use of phones among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina to identify barriers to managing healthcare and reporting emergencies. Discusses how international phone numbers impact participation with the healthcare system.
Author(s): Abdul G. Zahra, Leslie E. Cofie, Catherine E. LePrevost, et al.
Citation: Journal of Agromedicine, 2026
Date: 04/2026
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Explores access to and use of phones among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina to identify barriers to managing healthcare and reporting emergencies. Discusses how international phone numbers impact participation with the healthcare system.
Author(s): Abdul G. Zahra, Leslie E. Cofie, Catherine E. LePrevost, et al.
Citation: Journal of Agromedicine, 2026
Date: 04/2026
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Average Salary Expense in Rural and Urban Hospitals in 2022 Compared with 2018, by Hospital Characteristics
Explores how the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected wage disparities across rural and urban hospitals. Describes the median wages by total employee full-time equivalents (FTE) for rural and urban hospitals from 2017-2018 to 2021-2022. Compares the growth in labor cost for rural and urban hospitals by selected hospital characteristics, including system affiliation, hospital ownership, and number of acute care beds.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Explores how the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected wage disparities across rural and urban hospitals. Describes the median wages by total employee full-time equivalents (FTE) for rural and urban hospitals from 2017-2018 to 2021-2022. Compares the growth in labor cost for rural and urban hospitals by selected hospital characteristics, including system affiliation, hospital ownership, and number of acute care beds.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Average Salary Expense in Rural and Urban Hospitals Before and During the Low Wage Index Policy, 2018–2022
Examines and compares wage patterns of Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs), Rural Prospective Payment System (PPS) hospitals, and Urban PPS hospitals as related to the Low Wage Index Policy (LWIP) in effect from 2020-2022. Utilizes hospital data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS) between 2018 and 2022 and analyzes median salaries. Discusses the impact of Medicare payments and LWIP on hospitals.
Author(s): Saleema Karim, George Pink, Kristie Thompson, Mark Holmes
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Examines and compares wage patterns of Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs), Rural Prospective Payment System (PPS) hospitals, and Urban PPS hospitals as related to the Low Wage Index Policy (LWIP) in effect from 2020-2022. Utilizes hospital data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS) between 2018 and 2022 and analyzes median salaries. Discusses the impact of Medicare payments and LWIP on hospitals.
Author(s): Saleema Karim, George Pink, Kristie Thompson, Mark Holmes
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Medicaid Home Care Chartbook
Provides an overview of home care services within the Medicaid program, including participant eligibility, types of services delivered, inclusion in managed care arrangements, and provider distribution. Includes data on the percentage of home care recipients and location of providers in 2023 by Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Health Management Associates, National Alliance for Care at Home, Research Institute for Home Care
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Provides an overview of home care services within the Medicaid program, including participant eligibility, types of services delivered, inclusion in managed care arrangements, and provider distribution. Includes data on the percentage of home care recipients and location of providers in 2023 by Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Health Management Associates, National Alliance for Care at Home, Research Institute for Home Care
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Exploring the Geographic Variation of Hepatitis C Screening and Treatment in Ohio
Examines geographic differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment across Ohio. Utilizes State of Ohio Integrated Behavioral Health Dashboard data to provide a county-level map showing number of HCV screening exams and people treated for HCV per 100,000 people as well as location of health center testing sites.
Author(s): Michael Topmiller, Aaron T. Vissman, Peter J. Mallow, Adam Visconti
Citation: Ohio Journal of Public Health, 8(1)
Date: 04/2026
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Examines geographic differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment across Ohio. Utilizes State of Ohio Integrated Behavioral Health Dashboard data to provide a county-level map showing number of HCV screening exams and people treated for HCV per 100,000 people as well as location of health center testing sites.
Author(s): Michael Topmiller, Aaron T. Vissman, Peter J. Mallow, Adam Visconti
Citation: Ohio Journal of Public Health, 8(1)
Date: 04/2026
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The Distribution of the Youth Behavioral Health Workforce in Rural and Urban America in 2025
Examines the distribution of school counselors; youth, family, or school psychologists; youth or family mental health nurses; school social workers; and pediatric psychiatrists or behavioral pediatricians across rural and urban areas of the U.S. Features statistics with breakdowns by provider type and location by 6 levels of population density, and a county-level map with shadings showing rural counties with and without youth behavioral health clinicians.
Author(s): Janessa M. Graves, Sara C. Woolcock, Lisa A. Garberson, C. Holly A. Andrilla
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Examines the distribution of school counselors; youth, family, or school psychologists; youth or family mental health nurses; school social workers; and pediatric psychiatrists or behavioral pediatricians across rural and urban areas of the U.S. Features statistics with breakdowns by provider type and location by 6 levels of population density, and a county-level map with shadings showing rural counties with and without youth behavioral health clinicians.
Author(s): Janessa M. Graves, Sara C. Woolcock, Lisa A. Garberson, C. Holly A. Andrilla
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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