Rural Health
Resources by Type: Document
HCAHPS Toolkit for Critical Access Hospitals
Designed to assist Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in reporting and utilizing Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) data. Provides a detailed description of HCAHPS as a Medicare Beneficiary Quality Improvement Project (MBQIP) core measure, strategies for improving HCAHPS survey response rates, and answers to common HCAHPS questions. Offers recommendations for utilizing HCAHPS data reports from vendors and the Flex Monitoring Team (FMT) and improving HCAHPS scores.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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Designed to assist Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in reporting and utilizing Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) data. Provides a detailed description of HCAHPS as a Medicare Beneficiary Quality Improvement Project (MBQIP) core measure, strategies for improving HCAHPS survey response rates, and answers to common HCAHPS questions. Offers recommendations for utilizing HCAHPS data reports from vendors and the Flex Monitoring Team (FMT) and improving HCAHPS scores.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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U.S. Obesity Rate Changes Differ for Rural and Urban Areas, as Well as Across Regions
Reports on rural versus urban and regional differences in obesity prevalence among U.S. adults between 2019 and 2024. Identifies changes in obesity prevalence over time and discusses the geographic factors influencing obesity prevalence.
Author(s): Mariah Ehmke, Brandon J. Restrepo
Citation: Amber Waves
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Reports on rural versus urban and regional differences in obesity prevalence among U.S. adults between 2019 and 2024. Identifies changes in obesity prevalence over time and discusses the geographic factors influencing obesity prevalence.
Author(s): Mariah Ehmke, Brandon J. Restrepo
Citation: Amber Waves
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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FY 2026 Medicare Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Prospective Payment System (IPF PPS) and Quality Reporting (IPFQR) Updates Final Rule (CMS-1831-F)
Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2026 inpatient psychiatric facility (IPF) prospective payment system (PPS) final rule. Covers annual updates to the prospective payment rates, outlier threshold, and wage index. Also describes changes to facility-level adjustment factors for teaching status and rural location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2026 inpatient psychiatric facility (IPF) prospective payment system (PPS) final rule. Covers annual updates to the prospective payment rates, outlier threshold, and wage index. Also describes changes to facility-level adjustment factors for teaching status and rural location.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
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Medicare Advantage Enrollees Account for 25% of all Inpatient Hospital Days
Describes the growth of Medicare Advantage (MA) as a share of hospital inpatient days between 2013 and 2022. Presents data from hospital cost reports submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) regarding the share of inpatient days attributable to MA compared to traditional Medicare, the percentage of hospitals with more inpatient days from Medicare Advantage than traditional Medicare, and the variation across hospitals within counties. Compares trends in the share of inpatient days for MA enrollees across urban; rural, adjacent to a metro area; and rural, not adjacent to a metro area hospitals.
Author(s): Jamie Godwin, Jeannie Fuglesten Biniek, Zachary Levinson, Tricia Neuman
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Describes the growth of Medicare Advantage (MA) as a share of hospital inpatient days between 2013 and 2022. Presents data from hospital cost reports submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) regarding the share of inpatient days attributable to MA compared to traditional Medicare, the percentage of hospitals with more inpatient days from Medicare Advantage than traditional Medicare, and the variation across hospitals within counties. Compares trends in the share of inpatient days for MA enrollees across urban; rural, adjacent to a metro area; and rural, not adjacent to a metro area hospitals.
Author(s): Jamie Godwin, Jeannie Fuglesten Biniek, Zachary Levinson, Tricia Neuman
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Impact of the Health Center Program
Brief overview of the Health Center Program, focusing on the goals of preserving access to affordable primary care, addressing emergent public health needs, and driving quality improvement.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Bureau of Primary Health Care
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Brief overview of the Health Center Program, focusing on the goals of preserving access to affordable primary care, addressing emergent public health needs, and driving quality improvement.
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Bureau of Primary Health Care
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Concomitant Mortality Trends Due to Obesity and Hypertension in the U.S.: A 20-year Retrospective Analysis of the CDC WONDER Database
Examines mortality trends related to hypertension (HTN) and obesity in the United States. Utilizes 2000-2019 CDC WONDER data to analyze 254,116 obesity- and hypertension-related deaths according to demographics, metro versus nonmetro location, and state.
Author(s): Rayyan Nabi, Alina Zanub, Muzamil Akhtar, et al.
Citation: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25, 496
Date: 07/2025
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Examines mortality trends related to hypertension (HTN) and obesity in the United States. Utilizes 2000-2019 CDC WONDER data to analyze 254,116 obesity- and hypertension-related deaths according to demographics, metro versus nonmetro location, and state.
Author(s): Rayyan Nabi, Alina Zanub, Muzamil Akhtar, et al.
Citation: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25, 496
Date: 07/2025
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The Current Landscape of Rural, Remote, and Frontier Mental Health in America
Fact sheet highlights a number factors in rural and frontier communities that affect mental health access. Discusses population-based considerations, barriers to access, and education and training.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
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Fact sheet highlights a number factors in rural and frontier communities that affect mental health access. Discusses population-based considerations, barriers to access, and education and training.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
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An Examination of Geographic Proximity to Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation in Rural Versus Urban Tennessee Counties
Examines travel distance and time to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) facilities in Tennessee counties. Provides rural versus urban comparisons of OCR facility access as well as county-level Tennessee maps showing myocardial infarction hospitalization rate and travel burden.
Author(s): Phoebe M. Tran, Benjamin Fogelson, Andrew B. Sorey, R. Eric Heidel, Raj Baljepally
Citation: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 41(2), 120-124
Date: 07/2025
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Examines travel distance and time to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (OCR) facilities in Tennessee counties. Provides rural versus urban comparisons of OCR facility access as well as county-level Tennessee maps showing myocardial infarction hospitalization rate and travel burden.
Author(s): Phoebe M. Tran, Benjamin Fogelson, Andrew B. Sorey, R. Eric Heidel, Raj Baljepally
Citation: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 41(2), 120-124
Date: 07/2025
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Adapting Research Ethics for All: Training Centers for Independent Living in Community Based Research
Describes adapting the Research Ethics for All training to meet the needs of Centers of Independent Living (CILs) staff in a rural research program.
Author(s): Will Hoard, Krys Standley, Catherine Ipsen
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities, University of Montana: Rural Institute for Inclusive Communities
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Describes adapting the Research Ethics for All training to meet the needs of Centers of Independent Living (CILs) staff in a rural research program.
Author(s): Will Hoard, Krys Standley, Catherine Ipsen
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities, University of Montana: Rural Institute for Inclusive Communities
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Nebraska Biennial Report 2023 LPN & 2024 RN Survey Data
Provides information on the nursing workforce in Nebraska. Provides county-level data on amount of registered nurse (RNs) and and licensed practice nurse (LPNs) per 1,000 residents. Includes rural versus urban comparisons of nurse workforce distribution and specialty.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Nebraska Center for Nursing
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Provides information on the nursing workforce in Nebraska. Provides county-level data on amount of registered nurse (RNs) and and licensed practice nurse (LPNs) per 1,000 residents. Includes rural versus urban comparisons of nurse workforce distribution and specialty.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Nebraska Center for Nursing
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