Rural Health
Resources by Type: Document
Rural Health Disadvantages in the United States: Evidence from Nationally Representative Data
Describes rural and urban mortality rate disparities since the 1990s and then examines National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999, 2000, 2017, and 2020 to identify both individual and place-based factors associated with health outcomes within large metropolitan, small/medium metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan areas. Discusses disparities in the working adult population and how county characteristics contribute to rural and urban gaps.
Author(s): Brandon Restrepo, Elizabeth A. Dobis, Sarah A. Low, Kelsey L. Thomas
Citation: Economics & Human Biology, 62
Date: 09/2026
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Describes rural and urban mortality rate disparities since the 1990s and then examines National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999, 2000, 2017, and 2020 to identify both individual and place-based factors associated with health outcomes within large metropolitan, small/medium metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan areas. Discusses disparities in the working adult population and how county characteristics contribute to rural and urban gaps.
Author(s): Brandon Restrepo, Elizabeth A. Dobis, Sarah A. Low, Kelsey L. Thomas
Citation: Economics & Human Biology, 62
Date: 09/2026
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The Obesity-Related Chronic Disease Index (ORCDi), a Novel Composite Metric to Quantify ORCD Burden: An Ecological Study Across U.S. Census Tracts
Analyzes obesity-related conditions across U.S. census-tracts to develop and validate the obesity-related chronic disease index (ORCDi), a metric used to quantify obesity burden at the community level. Utilizes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PLACES 2024 data to analyze health conditions across social vulnerability indices (SVIs) and rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. Discusses the utility of ORCDi as a measure in health research to analyze ORCD burden in various communities.
Author(s): Md Roungu Ahmmad, Fazlay Faruque, Xiaoli Zhang
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 61, 101547
Date: 09/2026
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Analyzes obesity-related conditions across U.S. census-tracts to develop and validate the obesity-related chronic disease index (ORCDi), a metric used to quantify obesity burden at the community level. Utilizes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PLACES 2024 data to analyze health conditions across social vulnerability indices (SVIs) and rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. Discusses the utility of ORCDi as a measure in health research to analyze ORCD burden in various communities.
Author(s): Md Roungu Ahmmad, Fazlay Faruque, Xiaoli Zhang
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 61, 101547
Date: 09/2026
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Young Adult Urbanicity, Late Midlife Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Examines the impact of geography and neighborhood socioeconomics on cognitive function in older men. Analyzes data of cognitive performance from 881 community-dwelling men with additional breakdowns according to demographic variables, rural versus urban location, and area disadvantage index (ADI).
Author(s): Rongxiang Tang, Asad Beck, Daniel E Gustavson, et al.
Citation: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 81(8)
Date: 08/2026
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Examines the impact of geography and neighborhood socioeconomics on cognitive function in older men. Analyzes data of cognitive performance from 881 community-dwelling men with additional breakdowns according to demographic variables, rural versus urban location, and area disadvantage index (ADI).
Author(s): Rongxiang Tang, Asad Beck, Daniel E Gustavson, et al.
Citation: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 81(8)
Date: 08/2026
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Arkansas Older Adult Basic Screening Survey Report 2026: A Look into the Oral Health of High Risk Older Adults in Arkansas
Reports on the oral health of adults aged 60 and older in Arkansas using 2026 Arkansas Older Adult Basic Screening Survey data. See pages 7-8 for county-level data and metro-nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Sheree Huntsman, Brooke Mehner, Rachel Sizemore
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Arkansas Department of Health
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Reports on the oral health of adults aged 60 and older in Arkansas using 2026 Arkansas Older Adult Basic Screening Survey data. See pages 7-8 for county-level data and metro-nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Sheree Huntsman, Brooke Mehner, Rachel Sizemore
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Arkansas Department of Health
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Community Voices from North Carolina's Healthy Opportunities Pilots Program: Implications for Designing and Evaluating Programs to Address Upstream Drivers of Health
Describes experiences of participants in North Carolina's Healthy Opportunities Pilots program, including enrollees, care managers, and staff at community-based organizations. The program tested impacts of providing services to eligible Medicaid members to address upstream drivers of health in 3 predominantly rural regions of the state.
Author(s): Alida Austin, Katie Huber, Brianna Van Stekelenburg, Kody Kinsley, Rebecca Whitaker
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Duke-Margolis Institute for Health Policy, Milbank Memorial Fund
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Describes experiences of participants in North Carolina's Healthy Opportunities Pilots program, including enrollees, care managers, and staff at community-based organizations. The program tested impacts of providing services to eligible Medicaid members to address upstream drivers of health in 3 predominantly rural regions of the state.
Author(s): Alida Austin, Katie Huber, Brianna Van Stekelenburg, Kody Kinsley, Rebecca Whitaker
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Duke-Margolis Institute for Health Policy, Milbank Memorial Fund
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Data Snapshot: Updated Ohio Enrollment In The Federal ACA Marketplace
Examines policy changes and their impact on Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace enrollment in Ohio. Includes a county-level map and changes in marketplace enrollment and cost from 2025 to 2026.
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Health Policy Institute of Ohio
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Examines policy changes and their impact on Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace enrollment in Ohio. Includes a county-level map and changes in marketplace enrollment and cost from 2025 to 2026.
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Health Policy Institute of Ohio
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Improving Access to Medicare Home Health Care: Key Policy Considerations
Highlights themes from interviews with 20 policy experts on home health agencies to identify factors contributing to declines in use of Medicare home health services. Discusses payment models, Medicare Advantage, workforce shortages, and family caregivers. Offers policy measures that may increase home health utilization.
Author(s): Barbara Lyons, Jane Andrews
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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Highlights themes from interviews with 20 policy experts on home health agencies to identify factors contributing to declines in use of Medicare home health services. Discusses payment models, Medicare Advantage, workforce shortages, and family caregivers. Offers policy measures that may increase home health utilization.
Author(s): Barbara Lyons, Jane Andrews
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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Putting the Roadmap to a Comprehensive State Graduate Medical Education Strategy into Practice: State Perspectives
Explores ways in which Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are planning and implementing aspects of their state graduate medical education strategies. Offers insights for other states investigating ways to sustain a rural healthcare workforce and considering a "grow your own" approach to expanded residency training.
Author(s): Lori Rodefeld, Raquel Davis, Erin P. Fraher, et al.
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Milbank Memorial Fund
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Explores ways in which Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are planning and implementing aspects of their state graduate medical education strategies. Offers insights for other states investigating ways to sustain a rural healthcare workforce and considering a "grow your own" approach to expanded residency training.
Author(s): Lori Rodefeld, Raquel Davis, Erin P. Fraher, et al.
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Milbank Memorial Fund
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Geographic Variation in Blood Transfusion among TRICARE Beneficiaries
Explores the geographic variations in blood distribution and transfusion practices using the U.S. Military Health System's TRICARE insurance database. Breaks down data by age, sex, and whether beneficiaries received care in rural or urban areas, among other measures.
Author(s): Avery A. Thompson, Mahima Jain, Tanujit Dey, et al.
Citation: Transfusion, 66(7), 1326-1335
Date: 07/2026
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Explores the geographic variations in blood distribution and transfusion practices using the U.S. Military Health System's TRICARE insurance database. Breaks down data by age, sex, and whether beneficiaries received care in rural or urban areas, among other measures.
Author(s): Avery A. Thompson, Mahima Jain, Tanujit Dey, et al.
Citation: Transfusion, 66(7), 1326-1335
Date: 07/2026
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Mapping Social Vulnerability and Proximity to Pharmacies in Minnesota, 2009–2024
Analyzes the relationship between pharmacy deserts and social vulnerability across Minnesota. Utilizes Minnesota Board of Pharmacy and geocoded data to examine the relationship among social vulnerability, access to pharmacy, and urban, metro, or nonmetro location. Includes census-tract level Minnesota map showing social vulnerability and access to pharmacies.
Author(s): Emma Goldner, Emily Styles, Lindsay Sorge, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 23
Date: 07/2026
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Analyzes the relationship between pharmacy deserts and social vulnerability across Minnesota. Utilizes Minnesota Board of Pharmacy and geocoded data to examine the relationship among social vulnerability, access to pharmacy, and urban, metro, or nonmetro location. Includes census-tract level Minnesota map showing social vulnerability and access to pharmacies.
Author(s): Emma Goldner, Emily Styles, Lindsay Sorge, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 23
Date: 07/2026
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