Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Primary care
Rural Primary Care Workforce: A State-Level Analysis
Provides fact sheets on the rural primary care workforce for select states in 2025. Includes maps and tables providing county-level data and rural-urban comparisons of provider to population ratios for family physicians, general internists, general pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.
Author(s): S.C. Woolcock, C.H.A. Andrilla, L.A. Garberson, J.M. Graves
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Provides fact sheets on the rural primary care workforce for select states in 2025. Includes maps and tables providing county-level data and rural-urban comparisons of provider to population ratios for family physicians, general internists, general pediatricians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.
Author(s): S.C. Woolcock, C.H.A. Andrilla, L.A. Garberson, J.M. Graves
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Building a Workforce to Develop and Sustain Interprofessional Primary Care Teams
Report discusses strategies for developing and sustaining an interprofessional primary care workforce. Features considerations for rural communities and healthcare systems. Makes recommendations for government agencies and key stakeholders for supporting an interprofessional, team-based primary care workforce.
Additional links: Read Online
Author(s): Deborah J. Cohen, Kameron Matthews, Marc Meisnere, et al.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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Report discusses strategies for developing and sustaining an interprofessional primary care workforce. Features considerations for rural communities and healthcare systems. Makes recommendations for government agencies and key stakeholders for supporting an interprofessional, team-based primary care workforce.
Additional links: Read Online
Author(s): Deborah J. Cohen, Kameron Matthews, Marc Meisnere, et al.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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Bridging the Gap: Clinical Preceptors for Physicians and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in Utah
Report explores the clinical training needs and landscape for physicians and advanced practice registered nurse (APRNs) in Utah. Discusses training capacity and demand across the state and in rural areas. Makes recommendation for the future.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Utah Health Workforce Information Center
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Report explores the clinical training needs and landscape for physicians and advanced practice registered nurse (APRNs) in Utah. Discusses training capacity and demand across the state and in rural areas. Makes recommendation for the future.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Utah Health Workforce Information Center
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Georgia Farmworker Health Program: Health Services Needs Assessment
Provides a demographic description of people served by the Georgia Farmworker Health Program sites, descriptions of the most frequent diagnoses for migrant farmworkers and their dependents, an assessment of the health services provided to the farmworker population, and recommendations for improving access to care and services provided. Features statistics with breakdowns for years 2020-2024.
Author(s): Bettye A. Apenteng, Charles Owens, Angela Peden
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia State Office of Rural Health
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Provides a demographic description of people served by the Georgia Farmworker Health Program sites, descriptions of the most frequent diagnoses for migrant farmworkers and their dependents, an assessment of the health services provided to the farmworker population, and recommendations for improving access to care and services provided. Features statistics with breakdowns for years 2020-2024.
Author(s): Bettye A. Apenteng, Charles Owens, Angela Peden
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia State Office of Rural Health
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Georgia Physician Workforce Report: Based on 2023-2024 Licensure Renewal Data and New Licensees, Primary Care and Core Specialties
Measures and tracks trends in physician demographics, supply, and distribution, using data from January 2023 to December 2024. Features statistics for all Georgia physicians and those specializing in family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, general surgery, psychiatry, and emergency medicine, and maps showing counties with no physicians in these specialties as of 2024.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Board of Health Care Workforce
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Measures and tracks trends in physician demographics, supply, and distribution, using data from January 2023 to December 2024. Features statistics for all Georgia physicians and those specializing in family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, general surgery, psychiatry, and emergency medicine, and maps showing counties with no physicians in these specialties as of 2024.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Board of Health Care Workforce
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Georgia Counties without Primary Care/Core Practitioners Based on 2023-2024 Licensure Renewals and New Licensees
County-level Georgia maps showing counties without any physicians, and without physicians specializing in family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, general surgery, psychiatry, and emergency medicine. Features statistics on numbers of these physicians with breakdowns by county.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Board of Health Care Workforce
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County-level Georgia maps showing counties without any physicians, and without physicians specializing in family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, OB/GYN, general surgery, psychiatry, and emergency medicine. Features statistics on numbers of these physicians with breakdowns by county.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Board of Health Care Workforce
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Improving Primary Care Valuation Processes to Inform the Physician Fee Schedule
Describes the current process and data inputs used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for primary care service valuation in the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS). Discusses promising approaches to update the PFS and the potential role of hybrid payments. Offers recommendations to CMS to improve the valuation process and accurately reflect the full scope of high-quality primary care.
Additional links: Read Online
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Health and Medicine Division (HMD), National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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Describes the current process and data inputs used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for primary care service valuation in the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (PFS). Discusses promising approaches to update the PFS and the potential role of hybrid payments. Offers recommendations to CMS to improve the valuation process and accurately reflect the full scope of high-quality primary care.
Additional links: Read Online
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Health and Medicine Division (HMD), National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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2023 Health Professional Underserved Areas Report: Kansas Primary Care and Rural Health
Features information on Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs) in Kansas. Discusses healthcare workforce recruitment and retention as well as rural hospital programs during 2023. Provides county-level data and maps on Primary Care, Mental, and Dental HPSAs. Includes a table classifying counties as urban, semi-urban, densely-settled rural, rural, or frontier.
Date: 2025
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Features information on Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) and Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs) in Kansas. Discusses healthcare workforce recruitment and retention as well as rural hospital programs during 2023. Provides county-level data and maps on Primary Care, Mental, and Dental HPSAs. Includes a table classifying counties as urban, semi-urban, densely-settled rural, rural, or frontier.
Date: 2025
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The Implementation Climate for Integrating Buprenorphine Prescribing into Rural Primary Care
Examines the climate in rural primary care settings to expand buprenorphine access for opioid use disorder (OUD). Analyzes interview feedback from primary care practitioners in rural Ohio regarding issues such as OUD treatment prioritization, compatibility of buprenorphine prescriptions in primary care settings, and buprenorphine access shortages.
Author(s): Cheyenne Fenstemaker, Elizabeth A. Abrams, Katherine King, et al.
Citation: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 40, 2879-2889
Date: 12/2024
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Examines the climate in rural primary care settings to expand buprenorphine access for opioid use disorder (OUD). Analyzes interview feedback from primary care practitioners in rural Ohio regarding issues such as OUD treatment prioritization, compatibility of buprenorphine prescriptions in primary care settings, and buprenorphine access shortages.
Author(s): Cheyenne Fenstemaker, Elizabeth A. Abrams, Katherine King, et al.
Citation: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 40, 2879-2889
Date: 12/2024
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Annual Report on the New Hampshire Health Care Workforce and Data Collection: Calendar Year 2024
Includes aggregate data and information on current and projected New Hampshire primary workforce needs and the participation rate on surveys completed by clinicians for the Health Professions Data Center. Features a state map showing rural and nonrural New Hampshire regional public health networks, and statistics on demographics, barriers to care, substance use and mental health, and maternal health. Includes license renewal data for various providers types, and workforce data on physicians, advanced practice registered nurses, and physician assistants, including percentage in rural regions.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organizations: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, New Hampshire Rural Health & Primary Care
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Includes aggregate data and information on current and projected New Hampshire primary workforce needs and the participation rate on surveys completed by clinicians for the Health Professions Data Center. Features a state map showing rural and nonrural New Hampshire regional public health networks, and statistics on demographics, barriers to care, substance use and mental health, and maternal health. Includes license renewal data for various providers types, and workforce data on physicians, advanced practice registered nurses, and physician assistants, including percentage in rural regions.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organizations: New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, New Hampshire Rural Health & Primary Care
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