Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Statistics and data
Rural–Urban Disparities in State-Level Diabetes Prevalence Among US Adults, 2021
Analyzes diabetes disparities among rural and urban populations in 41 states in the U.S. Utilizes 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine rural versus urban disparities and odds ratios (OR) for diabetes in different states.
Author(s): Olga Khavjou, Zohra Tayebali, Pyone Cho, Kristopher Myers, Ping Zhang
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 21
Date: 01/2025
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Analyzes diabetes disparities among rural and urban populations in 41 states in the U.S. Utilizes 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine rural versus urban disparities and odds ratios (OR) for diabetes in different states.
Author(s): Olga Khavjou, Zohra Tayebali, Pyone Cho, Kristopher Myers, Ping Zhang
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 21
Date: 01/2025
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Behavioral Health Crisis Services Billed to Commercial Insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare
Examines the extent to which three specific crisis service billing codes were used by commercial payors, Medicaid, and Medicare in 2020 in the 11 states and District of Columbia that cover these services in their Medicaid fee-for-service plans. Compares the rate of crisis service claims by state, rurality, and provider type.
Author(s): Crystal Blyler, Amy Edmonds, Allison Wishon, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organizations: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Mathematica
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Examines the extent to which three specific crisis service billing codes were used by commercial payors, Medicaid, and Medicare in 2020 in the 11 states and District of Columbia that cover these services in their Medicaid fee-for-service plans. Compares the rate of crisis service claims by state, rurality, and provider type.
Author(s): Crystal Blyler, Amy Edmonds, Allison Wishon, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organizations: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Mathematica
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A Rural-Urban Analysis of Buprenorphine Therapy During and after Pregnancy among the Commercially Insured
Explores the use of evidence-based buprenorphine treatment and adherence during the peri-pregnancy period among commercially insured individuals by rurality. Analyzes data on 1,331,040 people between 15 and 44 years-old with diagnosis codes for pregnancy and labor/delivery from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019.
Author(s): KariLynn Dowling-McClay, Bill Brooks, Daniel Krauss, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: ETSU/NORC Rural Health Research Center
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Explores the use of evidence-based buprenorphine treatment and adherence during the peri-pregnancy period among commercially insured individuals by rurality. Analyzes data on 1,331,040 people between 15 and 44 years-old with diagnosis codes for pregnancy and labor/delivery from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019.
Author(s): KariLynn Dowling-McClay, Bill Brooks, Daniel Krauss, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: ETSU/NORC Rural Health Research Center
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Projecting the Impact of the $2,000 Part D Out-Of-Pocket Cap for Medicare Part D Enrollees with High Prescription Drug Spending
Examines the impact of the Medicare Part D $2,000 cap on out-of-pocket prescription drugs. Provides projected savings according to low-income subsidy (LIS) status, state, and demographic characteristics, including urban, rural-micropolitan, rural-other, or unclassified geographic location.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Examines the impact of the Medicare Part D $2,000 cap on out-of-pocket prescription drugs. Provides projected savings according to low-income subsidy (LIS) status, state, and demographic characteristics, including urban, rural-micropolitan, rural-other, or unclassified geographic location.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Medicaid's Role in Small Towns and Rural Areas
Discusses the roles Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) play in providing health coverage to residents of small towns and rural areas. Presents data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) on the percentage of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid and CHIP in 2023, and compares the share of Medicaid coverage of these groups by metro areas and small town/rural residence. Describes Medicaid coverage of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) in metro and non-metro areas. Includes lists of the top 20 small towns and rural areas with the highest share of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid.
Author(s): Joan Alker, Aubrianna Osorio, Edwin Park
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgetown University Health Policy Institute
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Discusses the roles Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) play in providing health coverage to residents of small towns and rural areas. Presents data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) on the percentage of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid and CHIP in 2023, and compares the share of Medicaid coverage of these groups by metro areas and small town/rural residence. Describes Medicaid coverage of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) in metro and non-metro areas. Includes lists of the top 20 small towns and rural areas with the highest share of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid.
Author(s): Joan Alker, Aubrianna Osorio, Edwin Park
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgetown University Health Policy Institute
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Evaluating Medicare Advantage Benchmark Setting Methodology on Rural Counties
Examines how the current Medicare Advantage benchmark setting process and methods impact rural and urban counties. Presents data on the Medicare fee-for-service spending quartiles by metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and the effects of caps on benchmark payments by geography.
Author(s): Dan M. Shane, Edmer Lazaro, Fred Ullrich, Keith Mueller
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Examines how the current Medicare Advantage benchmark setting process and methods impact rural and urban counties. Presents data on the Medicare fee-for-service spending quartiles by metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and the effects of caps on benchmark payments by geography.
Author(s): Dan M. Shane, Edmer Lazaro, Fred Ullrich, Keith Mueller
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Disparities in Cardiac Arrest Mortality among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A US-Based Epidemiological Analysis
Examines demographic disparities in chronic kidney disease-related cardiac arrest mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Provides data on factors including social vulnerability and rural or urban dwelling.
Author(s): Mahek Shahid, Hoang Nhat Pham, Ramzi Ibrahim, et al.
Citation: Journal of Arrhythmia, 41(1), e13217
Date: 01/2025
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Examines demographic disparities in chronic kidney disease-related cardiac arrest mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Provides data on factors including social vulnerability and rural or urban dwelling.
Author(s): Mahek Shahid, Hoang Nhat Pham, Ramzi Ibrahim, et al.
Citation: Journal of Arrhythmia, 41(1), e13217
Date: 01/2025
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Rural Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit and Financial Assistance Spending: A Call for Greater Reporting Transparency
Examines the variation in community benefit and financial assistance spending among rural nonprofit hospitals that filed group returns in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Analyzes 2021 nonprofit hospital tax data to explore whether group filers' community benefit spending differed from individual nonprofit hospital filers. Discusses potential implications of policy recommendations that would require nonprofit hospitals to file individual tax returns.
Author(s): Hannah MacDougall, Melissa Latcham, Erica Eliason
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41, e12914
Date: 01/2025
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Examines the variation in community benefit and financial assistance spending among rural nonprofit hospitals that filed group returns in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Analyzes 2021 nonprofit hospital tax data to explore whether group filers' community benefit spending differed from individual nonprofit hospital filers. Discusses potential implications of policy recommendations that would require nonprofit hospitals to file individual tax returns.
Author(s): Hannah MacDougall, Melissa Latcham, Erica Eliason
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41, e12914
Date: 01/2025
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Cannabis Use Characteristics and Associations with Problematic Use Outcomes, Quitting-Related Factors, and Mental Health among US Young Adults
Examines factors related to cannabis use via latent class analysis of survey data provided by 4,031 young adults. Includes data on frequency of use, problematic use, quitting, and mental health, with data breakdowns by rural, suburban/micropolitan, and urban dwelling.
Author(s): Carla J. Berg, Cassidy R. LoParco, Katelyn F. Romm, et al.
Citation: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 20, 1
Date: 01/2025
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Examines factors related to cannabis use via latent class analysis of survey data provided by 4,031 young adults. Includes data on frequency of use, problematic use, quitting, and mental health, with data breakdowns by rural, suburban/micropolitan, and urban dwelling.
Author(s): Carla J. Berg, Cassidy R. LoParco, Katelyn F. Romm, et al.
Citation: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 20, 1
Date: 01/2025
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The Association Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Community-Based Rehabilitation after Stroke
Examines the relationship between the timely use of community-based rehabilitation after a stroke and the social determinants of health. Analyzes 6,843 adults enrolled in a post-acute stroke program in North Carolina, with breakdowns according to patient SVI and therapy visits within 90 days of stroke. Includes discussion of rurality as a factor related to access and timely use of care.
Author(s): Shuqi Zhang, Elizabeth R. Mormer, Anna M. Johnson, et al.
Citation: BMC Health Services Research, 25, 55
Date: 01/2025
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Examines the relationship between the timely use of community-based rehabilitation after a stroke and the social determinants of health. Analyzes 6,843 adults enrolled in a post-acute stroke program in North Carolina, with breakdowns according to patient SVI and therapy visits within 90 days of stroke. Includes discussion of rurality as a factor related to access and timely use of care.
Author(s): Shuqi Zhang, Elizabeth R. Mormer, Anna M. Johnson, et al.
Citation: BMC Health Services Research, 25, 55
Date: 01/2025
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