Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Statistics and data
Behavioral Health Crisis Services Billed to Commercial Insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare
Examines the extent to which three specific crisis service billing codes were used by commercial payors, Medicaid, and Medicare in 2020 in the 11 states and District of Columbia that cover these services in their Medicaid fee-for-service plans. Compares the rate of crisis service claims by state, rurality, and provider type.
Author(s): Crystal Blyler, Amy Edmonds, Allison Wishon, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organizations: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Mathematica
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Examines the extent to which three specific crisis service billing codes were used by commercial payors, Medicaid, and Medicare in 2020 in the 11 states and District of Columbia that cover these services in their Medicaid fee-for-service plans. Compares the rate of crisis service claims by state, rurality, and provider type.
Author(s): Crystal Blyler, Amy Edmonds, Allison Wishon, et al.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organizations: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Mathematica
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Projecting the Impact of the $2,000 Part D Out-Of-Pocket Cap for Medicare Part D Enrollees with High Prescription Drug Spending
Examines the impact of the Medicare Part D $2,000 cap on out-of-pocket prescription drugs. Provides projected savings according to low-income subsidy (LIS) status, state, and demographic characteristics, including urban, rural-micropolitan, rural-other, or unclassified geographic location.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Examines the impact of the Medicare Part D $2,000 cap on out-of-pocket prescription drugs. Provides projected savings according to low-income subsidy (LIS) status, state, and demographic characteristics, including urban, rural-micropolitan, rural-other, or unclassified geographic location.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Medicaid's Role in Small Towns and Rural Areas
Discusses the roles Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) play in providing health coverage to residents of small towns and rural areas. Presents data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) on the percentage of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid and CHIP in 2023, and compares the share of Medicaid coverage of these groups by metro areas and small town/rural residence. Describes Medicaid coverage of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) in metro and nonmetro areas. Includes lists of the top 20 small towns and rural areas with the highest share of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid.
Author(s): Joan Alker, Aubrianna Osorio, Edwin Park
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgetown University Health Policy Institute
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Discusses the roles Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) play in providing health coverage to residents of small towns and rural areas. Presents data from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) on the percentage of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid and CHIP in 2023, and compares the share of Medicaid coverage of these groups by metro areas and small town/rural residence. Describes Medicaid coverage of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) in metro and nonmetro areas. Includes lists of the top 20 small towns and rural areas with the highest share of children, non-elderly adults, and older adults covered by Medicaid.
Author(s): Joan Alker, Aubrianna Osorio, Edwin Park
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Georgetown University Health Policy Institute
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Evaluating Medicare Advantage Benchmark Setting Methodology on Rural Counties
Examines how the current Medicare Advantage benchmark setting process and methods impact rural and urban counties. Presents data on the Medicare fee-for-service spending quartiles by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties and the effects of caps on benchmark payments by geography.
Author(s): Dan M. Shane, Edmer Lazaro, Fred Ullrich, Keith Mueller
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Examines how the current Medicare Advantage benchmark setting process and methods impact rural and urban counties. Presents data on the Medicare fee-for-service spending quartiles by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties and the effects of caps on benchmark payments by geography.
Author(s): Dan M. Shane, Edmer Lazaro, Fred Ullrich, Keith Mueller
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Cannabis Use Characteristics and Associations with Problematic Use Outcomes, Quitting-Related Factors, and Mental Health among US Young Adults
Examines factors related to cannabis use via latent class analysis of survey data provided by 4,031 young adults. Includes data on frequency of use, problematic use, quitting, and mental health, with data breakdowns by rural, suburban/micropolitan, and urban dwelling.
Author(s): Carla J. Berg, Cassidy R. LoParco, Katelyn F. Romm, et al.
Citation: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 20, 1
Date: 01/2025
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Examines factors related to cannabis use via latent class analysis of survey data provided by 4,031 young adults. Includes data on frequency of use, problematic use, quitting, and mental health, with data breakdowns by rural, suburban/micropolitan, and urban dwelling.
Author(s): Carla J. Berg, Cassidy R. LoParco, Katelyn F. Romm, et al.
Citation: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 20, 1
Date: 01/2025
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Disparities in Cardiac Arrest Mortality among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A US-Based Epidemiological Analysis
Examines demographic disparities in chronic kidney disease-related cardiac arrest mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Provides data on factors including social vulnerability and rural or urban dwelling.
Author(s): Mahek Shahid, Hoang Nhat Pham, Ramzi Ibrahim, et al.
Citation: Journal of Arrhythmia, 41(1), e13217
Date: 01/2025
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Examines demographic disparities in chronic kidney disease-related cardiac arrest mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Provides data on factors including social vulnerability and rural or urban dwelling.
Author(s): Mahek Shahid, Hoang Nhat Pham, Ramzi Ibrahim, et al.
Citation: Journal of Arrhythmia, 41(1), e13217
Date: 01/2025
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Rural Nonprofit Hospital Community Benefit and Financial Assistance Spending: A Call for Greater Reporting Transparency
Examines the variation in community benefit and financial assistance spending among rural nonprofit hospitals that filed group returns in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Analyzes 2021 nonprofit hospital tax data to explore whether group filers' community benefit spending differed from individual nonprofit hospital filers. Discusses potential implications of policy recommendations that would require nonprofit hospitals to file individual tax returns.
Author(s): Hannah MacDougall, Melissa Latcham, Erica Eliason
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41, e12914
Date: 01/2025
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Examines the variation in community benefit and financial assistance spending among rural nonprofit hospitals that filed group returns in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Analyzes 2021 nonprofit hospital tax data to explore whether group filers' community benefit spending differed from individual nonprofit hospital filers. Discusses potential implications of policy recommendations that would require nonprofit hospitals to file individual tax returns.
Author(s): Hannah MacDougall, Melissa Latcham, Erica Eliason
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41, e12914
Date: 01/2025
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The Association Between Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Community-Based Rehabilitation after Stroke
Examines the relationship between the timely use of community-based rehabilitation after a stroke and the social determinants of health. Analyzes 6,843 adults enrolled in a post-acute stroke program in North Carolina, with breakdowns according to patient SVI and therapy visits within 90 days of stroke. Includes discussion of rurality as a factor related to access and timely use of care.
Author(s): Shuqi Zhang, Elizabeth R. Mormer, Anna M. Johnson, et al.
Citation: BMC Health Services Research, 25, 55
Date: 01/2025
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Examines the relationship between the timely use of community-based rehabilitation after a stroke and the social determinants of health. Analyzes 6,843 adults enrolled in a post-acute stroke program in North Carolina, with breakdowns according to patient SVI and therapy visits within 90 days of stroke. Includes discussion of rurality as a factor related to access and timely use of care.
Author(s): Shuqi Zhang, Elizabeth R. Mormer, Anna M. Johnson, et al.
Citation: BMC Health Services Research, 25, 55
Date: 01/2025
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Cancer-Related Health Behaviors During the COVID 19 Pandemic in Geographically Diverse Samples Across the US
Examines cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic via a June 2020-March 2021 survey of 21,911 people conducted through eight cancer centers. Includes demographic data, including rural-urban comparisons, on changes in physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, smoking and tobacco use, and alcohol consumption.
Author(s): Breanna B. Greteman, Allison Cole, Mary E. Charlton, et al.
Citation: BMC Cancer, 25, 50
Date: 01/2025
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Examines cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic via a June 2020-March 2021 survey of 21,911 people conducted through eight cancer centers. Includes demographic data, including rural-urban comparisons, on changes in physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, smoking and tobacco use, and alcohol consumption.
Author(s): Breanna B. Greteman, Allison Cole, Mary E. Charlton, et al.
Citation: BMC Cancer, 25, 50
Date: 01/2025
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Target Door-to-Needle Time in Acute Stroke Treatment via Telemedicine Versus In-Person Evaluation in a Rural Setting of the Midwest: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Examines door-to-needle time (DTN) among 239 patients who received thrombolytic treatment within a rural, Midwestern stroke network. Compares telemedicine and in-person treatment delivery, with data on patient safety, short-term outcomes, and DTN by provider type.
Author(s): Andrea Loggini, Jonatan Hornik, Jessie Henson, et al.
Citation: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases, 34(1), 108141
Date: 01/2025
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Examines door-to-needle time (DTN) among 239 patients who received thrombolytic treatment within a rural, Midwestern stroke network. Compares telemedicine and in-person treatment delivery, with data on patient safety, short-term outcomes, and DTN by provider type.
Author(s): Andrea Loggini, Jonatan Hornik, Jessie Henson, et al.
Citation: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases, 34(1), 108141
Date: 01/2025
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