Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Community paramedicine
Transforming Rural Health Care Through Medicaid Innovation: Tip Sheet Series
Informational tip sheets discussing the use of Medicaid innovations to assist states in creating their Rural Health Transformation (RHT) Program applications. Covers issues such as behavioral health, school-based services, integrated care access, community health workers, community paramedicine, specialty care, and healthcare technology. Provides examples, strategies, Medicaid policy information, and resources.
Additional links: Improving Access to Integrated Care for Dually Eligible Individuals in Rural Areas, Leveraging Community Health Workers to Address Rural Health Care Needs, Leveraging Community Paramedicine to Address Rural Health Needs, Leveraging Peers and Lay Counselors to Address Behavioral Health Care Workforce Shortages in Rural Areas, Using Project ECHO to Deliver Specialty Care in Rural Areas, Using School-Based Services to Improve Access to Preventive Health Care for Children in Rural Areas, Using Tech-Enabled Solutions to Improve Care Quality and Access in Rural Areas
Author(s): Molly Knowles, Nancy Archibald, Karla Silverman, Lauren Scannelli Jacobs
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Center for Health Care Strategies
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Informational tip sheets discussing the use of Medicaid innovations to assist states in creating their Rural Health Transformation (RHT) Program applications. Covers issues such as behavioral health, school-based services, integrated care access, community health workers, community paramedicine, specialty care, and healthcare technology. Provides examples, strategies, Medicaid policy information, and resources.
Additional links: Improving Access to Integrated Care for Dually Eligible Individuals in Rural Areas, Leveraging Community Health Workers to Address Rural Health Care Needs, Leveraging Community Paramedicine to Address Rural Health Needs, Leveraging Peers and Lay Counselors to Address Behavioral Health Care Workforce Shortages in Rural Areas, Using Project ECHO to Deliver Specialty Care in Rural Areas, Using School-Based Services to Improve Access to Preventive Health Care for Children in Rural Areas, Using Tech-Enabled Solutions to Improve Care Quality and Access in Rural Areas
Author(s): Molly Knowles, Nancy Archibald, Karla Silverman, Lauren Scannelli Jacobs
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Center for Health Care Strategies
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Beyond the Clinic Walls: Exploring the Potential of Mobile Health
Explores the use mobile health services to increase access to care and highlights opportunities to close evidence gaps. Summarizes the research on mobile health delivery in primary, specialty, and emergency care. Discusses rural concerns including for breast cancer screening, dentistry, acute stroke response, behavioral crisis interventions, and community paramedicine.
Additional links: Executive Summary
Author(s): Maanasa Kona, Julia Burleson, Leila Sullivan
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Center on Health Insurance Reforms, Georgetown University McCourt School of Public Policy
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Explores the use mobile health services to increase access to care and highlights opportunities to close evidence gaps. Summarizes the research on mobile health delivery in primary, specialty, and emergency care. Discusses rural concerns including for breast cancer screening, dentistry, acute stroke response, behavioral crisis interventions, and community paramedicine.
Additional links: Executive Summary
Author(s): Maanasa Kona, Julia Burleson, Leila Sullivan
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Center on Health Insurance Reforms, Georgetown University McCourt School of Public Policy
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Emergency Triage, Treat, and Transport (ET3) Model: Final Evaluation Report
Presents quantitative and qualitative results from the evaluation of the Emergency Triage, Treat, and Transport (ET3) Model, a voluntary model that allowed ambulance care teams to use alternate models of emergency healthcare to improve quality and lower care costs. Describes the characteristics of ET3 participants, the extent to which ET3 interventions successfully prevented emergency department (ED) visits, and how average Medicare Parts A and B spending for patients that received ET3 interventions compared to patients who had low acuity ED visits. Discusses challenges and barriers to delivering ET3 interventions. Includes rural references throughout.
Additional links: Findings at a Glance, Technical Appendix
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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Presents quantitative and qualitative results from the evaluation of the Emergency Triage, Treat, and Transport (ET3) Model, a voluntary model that allowed ambulance care teams to use alternate models of emergency healthcare to improve quality and lower care costs. Describes the characteristics of ET3 participants, the extent to which ET3 interventions successfully prevented emergency department (ED) visits, and how average Medicare Parts A and B spending for patients that received ET3 interventions compared to patients who had low acuity ED visits. Discusses challenges and barriers to delivering ET3 interventions. Includes rural references throughout.
Additional links: Findings at a Glance, Technical Appendix
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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Bridging the Gap: A Policy Framework for Sustainable Community Paramedicine in Rural America
Policy brief regarding the need for a national policy for non-physician licensed healthcare providers to be reimbursed for community paramedicine services. Discusses the role of community paramedicine in expanding access to care in rural areas and describes four community paramedicine models. Offers policy recommendations related to recognizing, supporting, and reimbursing community paramedicine programs.
Author(s): Katie Gorndt, Kimberly Haverly, Tom Syverson
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: National Rural Health Association
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Policy brief regarding the need for a national policy for non-physician licensed healthcare providers to be reimbursed for community paramedicine services. Discusses the role of community paramedicine in expanding access to care in rural areas and describes four community paramedicine models. Offers policy recommendations related to recognizing, supporting, and reimbursing community paramedicine programs.
Author(s): Katie Gorndt, Kimberly Haverly, Tom Syverson
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: National Rural Health Association
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Stories of Impact: Great Mines Health Center
Provides an overview of the Great Mines Health Center successes through 2024, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) that serves 6 rural Missouri counties. Discusses the impact of integrating the Washington County Mobile Integrated Healthcare Network model that created a partnership among an FQHC, an emergency medical services agency, and a nonprofit consulting firm and initiates primary care services in the home.
Date: 09/2024
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Health Policy Center
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Provides an overview of the Great Mines Health Center successes through 2024, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) that serves 6 rural Missouri counties. Discusses the impact of integrating the Washington County Mobile Integrated Healthcare Network model that created a partnership among an FQHC, an emergency medical services agency, and a nonprofit consulting firm and initiates primary care services in the home.
Date: 09/2024
Sponsoring organization: Georgia Health Policy Center
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Community Paramedicine in Kansas: Policy Considerations for an Emerging Model of Care
Provides an overview of community paramedicine in Kansas, focusing on policies and practices that influence their sustainability. Includes examples of community paramedicine programs in other states and their impact on healthcare access in rural communities.
Author(s): Wyatt J. Beckman, Valentina Blanchard, Linda J. Sheppard
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Kansas Health Institute
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Provides an overview of community paramedicine in Kansas, focusing on policies and practices that influence their sustainability. Includes examples of community paramedicine programs in other states and their impact on healthcare access in rural communities.
Author(s): Wyatt J. Beckman, Valentina Blanchard, Linda J. Sheppard
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Kansas Health Institute
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Stroke Prevention and Management in Rural Georgia: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Community Paramedicine Program
Evaluates the effectiveness of a community paramedicine service delivery model for improving stroke outcomes for high risk residents of 2 rural Georgia counties. Assesses hospital readmissions and mortality for 22 study participants compared to 621 nonparticipants. Discusses risk factors, telehealth, and pandemic related challenges.
Author(s): Brandon Calvert, Rana Bayakly, Teri Newsome
Citation: Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 30, S32-S38
Date: 07/2024
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Evaluates the effectiveness of a community paramedicine service delivery model for improving stroke outcomes for high risk residents of 2 rural Georgia counties. Assesses hospital readmissions and mortality for 22 study participants compared to 621 nonparticipants. Discusses risk factors, telehealth, and pandemic related challenges.
Author(s): Brandon Calvert, Rana Bayakly, Teri Newsome
Citation: Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 30, S32-S38
Date: 07/2024
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Report on Prevention of Out-Of-Network Ground Ambulance Emergency Service Balance Billing
Recommendations from the Ground Ambulance and Patient Billing Advisory Committee, convened between May and November, 2023, to protect consumers from balance billing and protect their access to emergency services. Features sections on rural ambulance services and community paramedicine.
Date: 03/2024
Sponsoring organization: Ground Ambulance and Patient Billing Advisory Committee
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Recommendations from the Ground Ambulance and Patient Billing Advisory Committee, convened between May and November, 2023, to protect consumers from balance billing and protect their access to emergency services. Features sections on rural ambulance services and community paramedicine.
Date: 03/2024
Sponsoring organization: Ground Ambulance and Patient Billing Advisory Committee
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CommHIT Shoots for the Moon
Features a Rural Public Health Workforce Training Network grantee, CommHIT, that is assisting Florida partners with workforce development initiatives. Describes its workforce development efforts focused on community health workers (CHWs) and community paramedics, as well as cybersecurity and other technology-related trainings.
Citation: Rural Monitor
Date: 02/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Information Hub
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Features a Rural Public Health Workforce Training Network grantee, CommHIT, that is assisting Florida partners with workforce development initiatives. Describes its workforce development efforts focused on community health workers (CHWs) and community paramedics, as well as cybersecurity and other technology-related trainings.
Citation: Rural Monitor
Date: 02/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Information Hub
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Helping Older Adults Age Well in Rural America
Provides an overview of strategies that mitigate challenges related to aging in rural communities. Provides data on healthcare access in rural areas and presents successful models that focus on transportation, social services, and alternative care models, such as paramedicine and hybrid care.
Author(s): Martha Hostetter, Sarah Klein
Date: 11/2023
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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Provides an overview of strategies that mitigate challenges related to aging in rural communities. Provides data on healthcare access in rural areas and presents successful models that focus on transportation, social services, and alternative care models, such as paramedicine and hybrid care.
Author(s): Martha Hostetter, Sarah Klein
Date: 11/2023
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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