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Rural Health Information Hub

Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Rural-urban differences

Chronic Pain Prevalence and Trends in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas among American Adults Aged 55+, 1998–2022
Compares the prevalence of chronic pain and associated trends in rural, suburban, and urban areas among adults aged 55 and older, utilizing 1998-2022 Health and Retirement Study data.
Author(s): Yulin Yang, Feinuo Sun, Zachary Zimmer, et al.
Citation: Social Science & Medicine, 385, 118625
Date: 11/2025
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Association of Injury-Related Mortality with Unique Domains of Social Determinants of Health Across the Urban-Rural Continuum
Examines whether social determinants of health associated with injury-related mortality vary by geography, utilizing 2000-2017 Pennsylvania Trauma Study Outcomes data. Compares rural and urban populations, with further data breakdowns by race, place of birth, income, and other demographic factors.
Author(s): Tamara Byrd, Nicholas Kass, Liling Lu, et al.
Citation: Surgery, 187, 109607
Date: 11/2025
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Medicare Payment Basics: Skilled Nursing Facility Services Payment System
Overview of Medicare payments for skilled nursing and rehabilitation services. Describes what constitutes a skilled nursing facility and how small, rural hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) may be used to provide these services with CMS approval. Compares Medicare daily base rates for urban and rural skilled nursing facilities.
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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An Assessment of Nurse Practitioner Low-Value Care Use in Primary Care
Analyzes how patient demographics and geography are associated with the prevalence of nurse practitioner-delivered low-value lumbar x-ray, aURI antibiotic, and ECG services, utilizing 2021 Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare database data for Arizona, Nevada, and New Mexico. Includes metro versus nonmetro comparison data.
Author(s): Sara B. Nugent, Roberta P. Lavin, Jongwon Lee, Brady P. Horn, Barbara I. Holmes Damron
Citation: The American Journal of Managed Care, 31(1), 553-557
Date: 10/2025
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New Mexico Health Care Workforce Committee: 2025 Annual Report
Reports on New Mexico's healthcare workforce, including county-level data and comparisons to national benchmarks. Discusses rural and frontier area shortages, health workforce migration trends, potential solutions for workforce issues, and updates on previous recommendations. See Appendix C for healthcare professions gap analyses by county.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center
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Assessing Measurement Invariance in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment Across Levels of Urbanicity
Examines neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) variables by census tract and their relationship to public health. Provides data on poverty, use of public assistance, employment characteristics, transportation insecurity, education, and more, by higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural location.
Author(s): S. S. A. De Silva, Melissa A. Meeker, Tara P. McAlexander, et al.
Citation: Journal of Urban Health, 102, 1094-1103
Date: 10/2025
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Benzodiazepine Use Among Older Adults: Any Use and Concurrent Use With Opioids
Statistical brief examining rates of prescription benzodiazepine use by demographic group, insurance type, and health status, using 2021-2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) data. See Figure 6 for metro-nonmetro comparison data on benzodiazepine use and concurrent benzodiazepine-opioid use.
Author(s): Salam Abdus, G. Edward Miller
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Arizona - 2022
Reports on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, mortality, and characteristics in Arizona, utilizing 2022 Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Includes demographic data breakdowns, including rural versus urban comparisons.
Author(s): Amanda Swanson
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Arizona Department of Health Services
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Time to Build: How Do We Develop More (Affordable) Housing in Rural America?
Provides discussion on housing policy, statistics on rural housing supply, and potential solutions to provide more rural housing options, such as utilizing public lands, manufactured homes, and more. Includes county-level data on housing unit changes and metro versus nonmetro trends in new single family homes.
Additional links: Housing Unit Change, 2013-2023 Infographic
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Housing Assistance Council
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Traffic Safety Facts, 2023 Data: Summary of Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes
Contains information on fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes. Features statistics with breakdowns by urban or rural areas and a state-level map showing fatality rates per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, as of 2023.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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