Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Rural-urban differences
Medicare Hospital Payments: Adjusting for Variation in Geographic Area Wages
Provides an overview of the use of the hospital wage index applied to the Medicare inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) to account for geographic differences in hospitals' labor costs. Discusses the effect of the wage index on Medicare payments for inpatient hospital services, exceptions to wage index adjustments, and proposals for wage index reforms.
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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Provides an overview of the use of the hospital wage index applied to the Medicare inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) to account for geographic differences in hospitals' labor costs. Discusses the effect of the wage index on Medicare payments for inpatient hospital services, exceptions to wage index adjustments, and proposals for wage index reforms.
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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The Distribution of the General Surgery Workforce in Rural and Urban America in 2019
Explores regional, rural-urban, and intra-rural differences in the supply of general surgeons, using 2019 data. Compares the 2019 findings to results of a similar analysis using 2001 data. Intended to give policymakers, workforce analysts, and medical educators an up-to-date picture of current and long-term trends in supply and distribution of the rural and urban general surgeon workforce. Features statistics with breakdowns by urban, rural, large rural, and small rural locations.
Author(s): Eric H. Larson, C. Holly A. Andrilla, John Kearney, Lisa A. Garberson, Davis G. Patterson
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Explores regional, rural-urban, and intra-rural differences in the supply of general surgeons, using 2019 data. Compares the 2019 findings to results of a similar analysis using 2001 data. Intended to give policymakers, workforce analysts, and medical educators an up-to-date picture of current and long-term trends in supply and distribution of the rural and urban general surgeon workforce. Features statistics with breakdowns by urban, rural, large rural, and small rural locations.
Author(s): Eric H. Larson, C. Holly A. Andrilla, John Kearney, Lisa A. Garberson, Davis G. Patterson
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center
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Trends in Heart Failure-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in Rural Versus Urban United States Counties, 2011–2018: A Cross-Sectional Study
Study comparing rates of cardiovascular disease in rural and urban areas at the county level. Analyzes CDC WONDER data on heart failure deaths related to cardiovascular disease between 2011 and 2018, comparing population demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, risk factor prevalence, and physician density. Discusses issues of access to care in rural areas with high rates of heart failure.
Author(s): Jacob B. Pierce, Nilay S. Shah, Lucia C. Petito, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 16(3), e0246813
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Study comparing rates of cardiovascular disease in rural and urban areas at the county level. Analyzes CDC WONDER data on heart failure deaths related to cardiovascular disease between 2011 and 2018, comparing population demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, risk factor prevalence, and physician density. Discusses issues of access to care in rural areas with high rates of heart failure.
Author(s): Jacob B. Pierce, Nilay S. Shah, Lucia C. Petito, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 16(3), e0246813
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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An Emergent Network for the Diffusion of Innovations Among Local Health Departments at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Study examining communication networks among 329 local health departments as a way to assess the impacts of communication networks on community health innovation. Analyzes data from surveys of local health department leadership, comparing responses from leaders in urban and rural areas. Discusses the sharing of information about new public health initiatives, policies, and evidence-based practices.
Author(s): Minwoong Chung, Debra Dekker, Chelsea Gridley-Smith, James W. Dearing
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 18, 200536
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Study examining communication networks among 329 local health departments as a way to assess the impacts of communication networks on community health innovation. Analyzes data from surveys of local health department leadership, comparing responses from leaders in urban and rural areas. Discusses the sharing of information about new public health initiatives, policies, and evidence-based practices.
Author(s): Minwoong Chung, Debra Dekker, Chelsea Gridley-Smith, James W. Dearing
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 18, 200536
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Sources of Insurance Coverage in Nonmetropolitan Areas: The Role of Public and Private Insurance Since 2009
Describes regional variation in insurance coverage rates, using the American Community Survey 5-year estimates from 2009-2013 and 2013-2017 to compare types of health insurance coverage for people less than 65 years of age. Features statistics including share of nonmetropolitan nonelderly population per region, health insurance rates for nonelderly with breakdowns by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and source of health insurance for nonelderly by region.
Author(s): Linda Li, Matthew Najarian, Abigail R. Barker, Timothy D. McBride, Keith J. Mueller
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Describes regional variation in insurance coverage rates, using the American Community Survey 5-year estimates from 2009-2013 and 2013-2017 to compare types of health insurance coverage for people less than 65 years of age. Features statistics including share of nonmetropolitan nonelderly population per region, health insurance rates for nonelderly with breakdowns by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and source of health insurance for nonelderly by region.
Author(s): Linda Li, Matthew Najarian, Abigail R. Barker, Timothy D. McBride, Keith J. Mueller
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Trends in the Utilization of Emergency Department Services, 2009-2018
Examines emergency department (ED) utilization. Explores ED visits resulting in hospital admission, visits ending in release, and visits associated with mental health or substance use disorder diagnoses. Presents information on the patient, hospital, and payer characteristics for each of these three categories, including metropolitan status. Describes federal efforts to discourage inappropriate ED use.
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Examines emergency department (ED) utilization. Explores ED visits resulting in hospital admission, visits ending in release, and visits associated with mental health or substance use disorder diagnoses. Presents information on the patient, hospital, and payer characteristics for each of these three categories, including metropolitan status. Describes federal efforts to discourage inappropriate ED use.
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
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Rural and Urban Differences in COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors
Examines the influence of political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID-19 experiences on COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors in rural and urban communities, based on a survey of 5,009 adults. Features demographics and statistics on various behaviors and attitudes, with breakdowns by urban and rural location.
Author(s): Timothy Callaghan, Jennifer A. Lueck, Kristen Lunz Trujillo, Alva O. Ferdinand
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 37(2), 287-295
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Examines the influence of political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID-19 experiences on COVID-19-related preventive health behaviors in rural and urban communities, based on a survey of 5,009 adults. Features demographics and statistics on various behaviors and attitudes, with breakdowns by urban and rural location.
Author(s): Timothy Callaghan, Jennifer A. Lueck, Kristen Lunz Trujillo, Alva O. Ferdinand
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 37(2), 287-295
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Nonmetropolitan COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates Surpassed Metropolitan Rates Within the First 24 Weeks of the Pandemic Declaration: United States, March 1 – October 18, 2020
Compares COVID-19 cases and death rates in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas across three 11-week periods in 2020. Features state-level maps providing a visual assessment of the changing impact that COVID-19 had on nonmetropolitan populations.
Author(s): Kevin A Matthews, Fred Ullrich, Anne H. Gaglioti, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 37(2), 272-277
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Compares COVID-19 cases and death rates in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas across three 11-week periods in 2020. Features state-level maps providing a visual assessment of the changing impact that COVID-19 had on nonmetropolitan populations.
Author(s): Kevin A Matthews, Fred Ullrich, Anne H. Gaglioti, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 37(2), 272-277
Date: 03/2021
Type: Document
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Mapping Food Insecurity-Related 2-1-1 Calls in a 10-County Area of Central Texas by Zip Code: Exploring the Role of Geographic Food Access, Urbanicity and Demographic Indicators
Analyzes the relationship between food insecurity and geographic food access through the location and urbanicity of 2-1-1 food calls. Examines 55,405 food calls made in 2018 in Texas and the relative location of the ZIP code of the caller in relationship to nearby supermarkets. Provides descriptive statistics on the demographic makeup of caller locations, including amount of calls per county.
Author(s): Kathryn M. Janda, Deborah Salvo Dominguez, Nalini Ranjit, et al.
Citation: Journal of Community Health, 46(1), 86-97
Date: 02/2021
Type: Document
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Analyzes the relationship between food insecurity and geographic food access through the location and urbanicity of 2-1-1 food calls. Examines 55,405 food calls made in 2018 in Texas and the relative location of the ZIP code of the caller in relationship to nearby supermarkets. Provides descriptive statistics on the demographic makeup of caller locations, including amount of calls per county.
Author(s): Kathryn M. Janda, Deborah Salvo Dominguez, Nalini Ranjit, et al.
Citation: Journal of Community Health, 46(1), 86-97
Date: 02/2021
Type: Document
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Quality of Care in the SoonerCare Program, 2021
Reports on access, use, and effectiveness of care for Oklahoma's Medicaid program enrollees. Appendix A provides detailed rural/urban breakdowns on compliance with immunizations, cancer screenings, medication management, and more.
Date: 02/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Oklahoma Health Care Authority
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Reports on access, use, and effectiveness of care for Oklahoma's Medicaid program enrollees. Appendix A provides detailed rural/urban breakdowns on compliance with immunizations, cancer screenings, medication management, and more.
Date: 02/2021
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Oklahoma Health Care Authority
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