Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Rural-urban differences
Young Adult Urbanicity, Late Midlife Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Examines the impact of geography and neighborhood socioeconomics on cognitive function in older men. Analyzes data of cognitive performance from 881 community-dwelling men with additional breakdowns according to demographic variables, rural versus urban location, and area disadvantage index (ADI).
Author(s): Rongxiang Tang, Asad Beck, Daniel E Gustavson, et al.
Citation: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 81(8)
Date: 08/2026
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Examines the impact of geography and neighborhood socioeconomics on cognitive function in older men. Analyzes data of cognitive performance from 881 community-dwelling men with additional breakdowns according to demographic variables, rural versus urban location, and area disadvantage index (ADI).
Author(s): Rongxiang Tang, Asad Beck, Daniel E Gustavson, et al.
Citation: The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 81(8)
Date: 08/2026
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Who Lives in Ambulance Deserts? Demographic and Geographic Differences in Accessing Ambulance Services
Presents data on ambulance deserts, or populated areas more than 25 minutes from an ambulance station, across 41 states, using a mix of state and federal data sources. Discusses how rurality and other factors such as U.S. region, age, and socioeconomic status are associated with living in an ambulance desert.
Author(s): Yvonne Jonk, Heidi O'Connor, Brianna Holston, Celia Jewell, Tyler DeAngelis
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
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Presents data on ambulance deserts, or populated areas more than 25 minutes from an ambulance station, across 41 states, using a mix of state and federal data sources. Discusses how rurality and other factors such as U.S. region, age, and socioeconomic status are associated with living in an ambulance desert.
Author(s): Yvonne Jonk, Heidi O'Connor, Brianna Holston, Celia Jewell, Tyler DeAngelis
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
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Older Medicare Beneficiaries' Use of Long Term Services and Supports, 2015-2021
Examines how the likelihood of living in nursing homes, lower intensity facilities, or community settings has varied over time among adults aged 65 and older, using 2015-2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data. Compares trends by rural or urban dwelling and other demographic and clinical factors.
Author(s): Yvonne Jonk, Heidi O'Connor, Erika C. Ziller
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
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Examines how the likelihood of living in nursing homes, lower intensity facilities, or community settings has varied over time among adults aged 65 and older, using 2015-2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data. Compares trends by rural or urban dwelling and other demographic and clinical factors.
Author(s): Yvonne Jonk, Heidi O'Connor, Erika C. Ziller
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
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Predictors of Routine HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening Adoption in Federally Qualified Health Centers within a Multi-State Practice Research Network 2012–2022: Retrospective Observational Study
Examines adoption of HPV screening for cervical cancer across 25 clinics within 3 Federally Qualified Health Center systems in Washington and Idaho from 2012-2022. Includes demographic data breakdowns, including rural versus urban comparisons.
Author(s): Michelle B. Shin, Connor R. Volpi, Warren Szewczyk,et al.
Citation: BMC Primary Care
Date: 07/2026
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Examines adoption of HPV screening for cervical cancer across 25 clinics within 3 Federally Qualified Health Center systems in Washington and Idaho from 2012-2022. Includes demographic data breakdowns, including rural versus urban comparisons.
Author(s): Michelle B. Shin, Connor R. Volpi, Warren Szewczyk,et al.
Citation: BMC Primary Care
Date: 07/2026
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Geographical Access to Preferred Pharmacies in Medicare Part D
Analyzes access to preferred pharmacies in Medicare Part D prescription drug plans (PDPs) and Medicare Advantage PDPs (MAPDs). Utilizes multiple data sources to examine the nearest preferred pharmacy in MAPDs and stand-alone PDPs across rural and urban ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs). Discusses geographic disparities related to PDP and MAPD access.
Author(s): Pinka Chatterji, Yiran Han, Chun-Yu Ho
Citation: The American Journal of Managed Care, 32, 7
Date: 07/2026
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Analyzes access to preferred pharmacies in Medicare Part D prescription drug plans (PDPs) and Medicare Advantage PDPs (MAPDs). Utilizes multiple data sources to examine the nearest preferred pharmacy in MAPDs and stand-alone PDPs across rural and urban ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs). Discusses geographic disparities related to PDP and MAPD access.
Author(s): Pinka Chatterji, Yiran Han, Chun-Yu Ho
Citation: The American Journal of Managed Care, 32, 7
Date: 07/2026
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County-Level Social, Preventive Care, and Behavioral Correlates of Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Nationwide Ecological Analysis
Examines how county-level demographics, social conditions, preventive care, and behavioral risks influence colorectal cancer mortality using linked CDC PLACES, ACS, USCS, and NCHS data. Includes metro versus nonmetro data comparisons.
Author(s): Kaide Xia, Li Luo, Chengdu Fan, et al.
Citation: Frontiers in Oncology, 16, 1844633
Date: 07/2026
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Examines how county-level demographics, social conditions, preventive care, and behavioral risks influence colorectal cancer mortality using linked CDC PLACES, ACS, USCS, and NCHS data. Includes metro versus nonmetro data comparisons.
Author(s): Kaide Xia, Li Luo, Chengdu Fan, et al.
Citation: Frontiers in Oncology, 16, 1844633
Date: 07/2026
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Rural–Urban Residence in Relation to Cannabis Use Influences and Behaviors among a Sample of US Young Adults Reporting Past‐Month Cannabis Use
Examines how cannabis use behaviors and perceptions vary among rural and urban young adults via an online survey of 1,961 adults aged 18-34 who reported past-month cannabis use. Includes data on perceived harm, coping, frequency of use, driving under the influence, likelihood of mental health diagnosis, consequences of use, and more.
Author(s): Katelyn F. Romm, Amanda Y. Kong, Patricia A. Cavazos-Rehg, Carla J. Berg
Citation: The American Journal on Addictions, 35(5), 622-632
Date: 07/2026
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Examines how cannabis use behaviors and perceptions vary among rural and urban young adults via an online survey of 1,961 adults aged 18-34 who reported past-month cannabis use. Includes data on perceived harm, coping, frequency of use, driving under the influence, likelihood of mental health diagnosis, consequences of use, and more.
Author(s): Katelyn F. Romm, Amanda Y. Kong, Patricia A. Cavazos-Rehg, Carla J. Berg
Citation: The American Journal on Addictions, 35(5), 622-632
Date: 07/2026
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Rural–Urban Comparisons of Area-Based Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Vulnerability Indices
Analyzes how area-based socioeconomic disadvantage indices vary in their index items and predictive accuracy, including the Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index (NA-ADI), Standardized Area Deprivation Index, Reproducible Area Deprivation Index, Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and Neighborhood Disadvantage Index. Compares NA-ADI and SVI discordance and discusses implications for health disparities research.
Author(s): Hannah Lang, Kimberly A. Rollings
Citation: Health Affairs Scholar, 4(7), qxag173
Date: 07/2026
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Analyzes how area-based socioeconomic disadvantage indices vary in their index items and predictive accuracy, including the Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index (NA-ADI), Standardized Area Deprivation Index, Reproducible Area Deprivation Index, Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and Neighborhood Disadvantage Index. Compares NA-ADI and SVI discordance and discusses implications for health disparities research.
Author(s): Hannah Lang, Kimberly A. Rollings
Citation: Health Affairs Scholar, 4(7), qxag173
Date: 07/2026
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North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2026: Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies
Provides information on traffic safety issues among varied demographic groups in North Dakota and their beliefs, practices, and distractions related to driving. Includes rural versus urban comparisons about driving safety, driving under the influence, and more.
Author(s): Kimberly Vachal, Andrew Kubas, Jaclyn Andersen
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute
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Provides information on traffic safety issues among varied demographic groups in North Dakota and their beliefs, practices, and distractions related to driving. Includes rural versus urban comparisons about driving safety, driving under the influence, and more.
Author(s): Kimberly Vachal, Andrew Kubas, Jaclyn Andersen
Date: 07/2026
Sponsoring organization: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute
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Impact of Rurality on Inpatient Outcomes in Neurofibromatosis: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Analyzes how rural versus urban dwelling and hospital setting influence interhospital transfer, mortality, length of stay, and other aspects related to access to and quality of neurosurgical care. Uses 2016-2021 National Inpatient Sample data for patients with neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2.
Author(s): Jacob Fredman, Theodore Kapogiannis, Dhanya Mahesh, Jennifer Hong
Citation: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 270, 109596
Date: 07/2026
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Analyzes how rural versus urban dwelling and hospital setting influence interhospital transfer, mortality, length of stay, and other aspects related to access to and quality of neurosurgical care. Uses 2016-2021 National Inpatient Sample data for patients with neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2.
Author(s): Jacob Fredman, Theodore Kapogiannis, Dhanya Mahesh, Jennifer Hong
Citation: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 270, 109596
Date: 07/2026
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