Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Employment and unemployment
Economic Hardship and Health Within Sociodemographic and Occupational Groups — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2022–2023
Reports on economic hardship measures and self-rated health among employed and recently unemployed adults. Hardship measures included lack of health insurance, cost of medical care, employment instability, food insecurity, housing insecurity, utility insecurity, lack of reliable transportation, and receipt of food benefits. Provides data by occupation, including for people employed in farming, fishing, and forestry.
Author(s): Sharon R. Silver, Jia Li, Taylor M. Shockey
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(19), 326-333
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Reports on economic hardship measures and self-rated health among employed and recently unemployed adults. Hardship measures included lack of health insurance, cost of medical care, employment instability, food insecurity, housing insecurity, utility insecurity, lack of reliable transportation, and receipt of food benefits. Provides data by occupation, including for people employed in farming, fishing, and forestry.
Author(s): Sharon R. Silver, Jia Li, Taylor M. Shockey
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(19), 326-333
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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County Typology Codes
Presents county-level typology codes, comprising Economic Typology Codes based on the industrial composition of nonmetropolitan counties and Demographic Typology Codes based on demographic characteristics, such as employment, population, poverty, and others. Classifies all counties in the 50 U.S. States and Washington, D.C. for which data are available.
Date: 04/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Presents county-level typology codes, comprising Economic Typology Codes based on the industrial composition of nonmetropolitan counties and Demographic Typology Codes based on demographic characteristics, such as employment, population, poverty, and others. Classifies all counties in the 50 U.S. States and Washington, D.C. for which data are available.
Date: 04/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Working Longer: Usual Hours Worked per Week in Rural and Urban Pennsylvania
Fact sheet presenting statistics on numbers of hours worked per week in 2023 in urban and rural areas of Pennsylvania, with breakdowns by various demographic characteristics and occupations. Includes statistics on healthcare workers in rural Pennsylvania.
Date: 02/2025
Sponsoring organization: Center for Rural Pennsylvania
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Fact sheet presenting statistics on numbers of hours worked per week in 2023 in urban and rural areas of Pennsylvania, with breakdowns by various demographic characteristics and occupations. Includes statistics on healthcare workers in rural Pennsylvania.
Date: 02/2025
Sponsoring organization: Center for Rural Pennsylvania
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Trends and Patterns of Job Quality in the United States
Studies job quality trends including wage levels, employer sponsored health insurance, and retirement benefits between 2000 and 2022 for workers in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas as well as other demographic and industry factors.
Additional links: Report Summary
Author(s): Ephraim M. Nkonya, John Pender
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Studies job quality trends including wage levels, employer sponsored health insurance, and retirement benefits between 2000 and 2022 for workers in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas as well as other demographic and industry factors.
Additional links: Report Summary
Author(s): Ephraim M. Nkonya, John Pender
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Rural Profile of Arkansas 2025
Reports on social, demographic, and economic conditions in rural Arkansas, including data and discussion on topics including rural and urban definitions, health status and outcomes, demographics, infant mortality, education, poverty, employment, and food insecurity, among others. Provides rural-urban comparisons as well as county-level data.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Research & Extension
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Reports on social, demographic, and economic conditions in rural Arkansas, including data and discussion on topics including rural and urban definitions, health status and outcomes, demographics, infant mortality, education, poverty, employment, and food insecurity, among others. Provides rural-urban comparisons as well as county-level data.
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Research & Extension
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Poverty in Rural Arizona
Data visualization on poverty in Arizona by county and rural or urban location, utilizing 2022 American Community Survey 5-year estimate data. Data may be further sorted by demographic, including age, education, employment, and race.
Author(s): B. Koch, C. Drake, S. Coates
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: Arizona Center for Rural Health
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Data visualization on poverty in Arizona by county and rural or urban location, utilizing 2022 American Community Survey 5-year estimate data. Data may be further sorted by demographic, including age, education, employment, and race.
Author(s): B. Koch, C. Drake, S. Coates
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: Arizona Center for Rural Health
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2024 Research Report: Collaborative on Economic Mobility
Provides a landscape analysis of the Collaborative on Economic Mobility (CEM) cooperative agreement, which focuses on the implementation and strengthening of economic mobility practices. Discusses issues such as social inequities, early childhood education, healthcare access, family and community services, workforce development, policy, housing, transportation, and more. Includes consideration of rural communities, with comparisons of rural versus nonrural employment growth.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: ACF Office of Community Services
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Provides a landscape analysis of the Collaborative on Economic Mobility (CEM) cooperative agreement, which focuses on the implementation and strengthening of economic mobility practices. Discusses issues such as social inequities, early childhood education, healthcare access, family and community services, workforce development, policy, housing, transportation, and more. Includes consideration of rural communities, with comparisons of rural versus nonrural employment growth.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: ACF Office of Community Services
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2024 Nebraska Rural Poll Research Report: Housing
Analyzes 2024 Nebraska Rural Poll results related to housing programs and priorities as well as adequacy and perceptions of housing availability. Discusses the relationship between housing options and worker shortages.
Author(s): Heather Akin, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, et al.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Analyzes 2024 Nebraska Rural Poll results related to housing programs and priorities as well as adequacy and perceptions of housing availability. Discusses the relationship between housing options and worker shortages.
Author(s): Heather Akin, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, et al.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Demographic Profile of Pennsylvania Rural Families
Fact sheet describing demographic changes among rural Pennsylvania families, using data from the 2012 and 2022 American Community Surveys. Features statistics with breakdowns by ethnicity, types of families, income range, percent of employed people, home values and monthly rent, and a state-level map showing percent change in the number of families in U.S states from 2012 to 2022.
Date: 11/2024
Sponsoring organization: Center for Rural Pennsylvania
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Fact sheet describing demographic changes among rural Pennsylvania families, using data from the 2012 and 2022 American Community Surveys. Features statistics with breakdowns by ethnicity, types of families, income range, percent of employed people, home values and monthly rent, and a state-level map showing percent change in the number of families in U.S states from 2012 to 2022.
Date: 11/2024
Sponsoring organization: Center for Rural Pennsylvania
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Rural America at a Glance: 2024 Edition
Provides an overview of social and economic factors affecting rural America, with a focus on population migration, poverty, child care and elder care, broadband, and employment. Includes county-level maps as well as metro and nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Tracey Farrigan, Brandon Genetin, Austin Sanders, et al.
Date: 11/2024
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Provides an overview of social and economic factors affecting rural America, with a focus on population migration, poverty, child care and elder care, broadband, and employment. Includes county-level maps as well as metro and nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Tracey Farrigan, Brandon Genetin, Austin Sanders, et al.
Date: 11/2024
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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