Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Social determinants of health
Mapping Spatial and Social Inequities of Long COVID Across the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Examines spatiotemporal variables and social determinants as correlated with the Omicron variant and long COVID health risk. Analyzes 5,652,474 COVID-19 cases and 41,694 long COVID cases according to year, location, U.S. region, risk level of county, and social determinants, including rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zhetao Chen, Bingnan Lib, Yewen Chen, et al.
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 56, 101401
Date: 04/2026
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Examines spatiotemporal variables and social determinants as correlated with the Omicron variant and long COVID health risk. Analyzes 5,652,474 COVID-19 cases and 41,694 long COVID cases according to year, location, U.S. region, risk level of county, and social determinants, including rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zhetao Chen, Bingnan Lib, Yewen Chen, et al.
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 56, 101401
Date: 04/2026
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WIC Participant and Local Agency Staff Perspectives on Increased Cash-Value Benefits for Fruits and Vegetables Within an American Indian Tribal Organization
Explores the perceived impacts of increased cash-value benefits for fruits and vegetables through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program of Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in tribal communities associated with the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. Bases findings on a survey of participants and staff on their perceptions about the increase and its effect on their ability to access a more nutritious diet.
Author(s): Emily M Melnick, Francesco Acciai, Nicole Vaudrin O'Reilly, et al.
Citation: Maternal & Child Nutrition, 22(1), e70148
Date: 03/2026
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Explores the perceived impacts of increased cash-value benefits for fruits and vegetables through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program of Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in tribal communities associated with the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. Bases findings on a survey of participants and staff on their perceptions about the increase and its effect on their ability to access a more nutritious diet.
Author(s): Emily M Melnick, Francesco Acciai, Nicole Vaudrin O'Reilly, et al.
Citation: Maternal & Child Nutrition, 22(1), e70148
Date: 03/2026
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Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Risk in Pregnant Women, United States
Examines the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnant women and the social determinants of health (SDOH). Utilizes 2016-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey data and analyzes CVH risk according to patient demographics, health behaviors, social determinants, rural residence, and more.
Author(s): Shazia Shaukat, Jennifer Horney, Xiaopeng Ji, Christine Hoch, Lauren Covington
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 23
Date: 02/2026
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Examines the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnant women and the social determinants of health (SDOH). Utilizes 2016-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey data and analyzes CVH risk according to patient demographics, health behaviors, social determinants, rural residence, and more.
Author(s): Shazia Shaukat, Jennifer Horney, Xiaopeng Ji, Christine Hoch, Lauren Covington
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 23
Date: 02/2026
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Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model Evaluation: Final Report
Provides an overview of the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model, which tested whether identifying and addressing core health-related social needs (HRSNs) of community-dwelling beneficiaries improves health outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and reduces unnecessary healthcare utilization. Describes the AHC Model's impacts on key outcomes for Medicaid, FFS Medicare, and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries through December 2023 and final lessons learned.
Additional links: Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 02/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, RTI International
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Provides an overview of the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Model, which tested whether identifying and addressing core health-related social needs (HRSNs) of community-dwelling beneficiaries improves health outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and reduces unnecessary healthcare utilization. Describes the AHC Model's impacts on key outcomes for Medicaid, FFS Medicare, and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries through December 2023 and final lessons learned.
Additional links: Executive Summary, Findings at a Glance
Date: 02/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, RTI International
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Health Care Access from the Rural Perspective: A Narrative Review
Examines rural healthcare access in the dimensions of geographic, temporal, financial, cultural, and virtual. Discusses rural versus urban access challenges and access disparities related to geographic distance and available transportation, broadband internet access and digital literacy, healthcare workforce shortages, and the social determinants of health.
Author(s): Peter Kaboli, Adam Blaine, Jasmine Mares, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 42(1), e70119
Date: 02/2026
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Examines rural healthcare access in the dimensions of geographic, temporal, financial, cultural, and virtual. Discusses rural versus urban access challenges and access disparities related to geographic distance and available transportation, broadband internet access and digital literacy, healthcare workforce shortages, and the social determinants of health.
Author(s): Peter Kaboli, Adam Blaine, Jasmine Mares, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 42(1), e70119
Date: 02/2026
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Utilizing a Steering Committee to Implement Health in All Policies in a Rural, Micro-Urban Community
Examines the impact of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) steering committee in a rural and micro-urban area of Montana. Discusses the focus areas of the committee, such as a rural perspective on public health, policy, transportation, social services, development, preservation, education, and more. Reflects on the benefits of a multi-sector steering committee and an HiAP approach to impact rural communities.
Author(s): Danika Lee Comey, Bridget L. Hanson, Morgan E. Neavill, et al.
Citation: Health Promotion International, 41(1)
Date: 02/2026
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Examines the impact of a Health in All Policies (HiAP) steering committee in a rural and micro-urban area of Montana. Discusses the focus areas of the committee, such as a rural perspective on public health, policy, transportation, social services, development, preservation, education, and more. Reflects on the benefits of a multi-sector steering committee and an HiAP approach to impact rural communities.
Author(s): Danika Lee Comey, Bridget L. Hanson, Morgan E. Neavill, et al.
Citation: Health Promotion International, 41(1)
Date: 02/2026
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Reimagining Rural Health and Well-Being
Details effective practices for promoting rural health, addresses community needs, and improves access to care among organizations focused on rural funding, service delivery, and research. Discusses funding strategies, collaborations, and other rural-specific concerns relevant to philanthropic organizations, government funders, health providers, and more. Project findings are discussed in depth via a landscape analysis and summary of listening sessions conducted throughout 2025.
Additional links: Landscape Analysis, Listening Sessions Summary
Author(s): Tanisa Adimu, John Butts, Amy Elizondo, et al.
Date: 01/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Georgia Health Policy Center, Grantmakers in Health, National Rural Health Association
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Details effective practices for promoting rural health, addresses community needs, and improves access to care among organizations focused on rural funding, service delivery, and research. Discusses funding strategies, collaborations, and other rural-specific concerns relevant to philanthropic organizations, government funders, health providers, and more. Project findings are discussed in depth via a landscape analysis and summary of listening sessions conducted throughout 2025.
Additional links: Landscape Analysis, Listening Sessions Summary
Author(s): Tanisa Adimu, John Butts, Amy Elizondo, et al.
Date: 01/2026
Sponsoring organizations: Georgia Health Policy Center, Grantmakers in Health, National Rural Health Association
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Perspectives of Community Health Center Employees on Public Bus Transportation in Rural Hawai'i County
Discusses perspectives on employee and patient use of public bus transportation to access a multi-location Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) within rural Hawai'i County. Identifies themes and provides interview excerpts from 10 participating employees on topics including the importance of transportation access in rural areas, barriers to bus use, and the role the community health center could play in supporting improved bus transportation.
Author(s): L. Brooke Keliikoa, Claudia Hartz, Ansley Pontalti, et al.
Citation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 23(1), 78
Date: 01/2026
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Discusses perspectives on employee and patient use of public bus transportation to access a multi-location Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) within rural Hawai'i County. Identifies themes and provides interview excerpts from 10 participating employees on topics including the importance of transportation access in rural areas, barriers to bus use, and the role the community health center could play in supporting improved bus transportation.
Author(s): L. Brooke Keliikoa, Claudia Hartz, Ansley Pontalti, et al.
Citation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 23(1), 78
Date: 01/2026
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Merging Law and Medicine: Patient Attitudes About and Experiences with Social Needs Screening and Medical-Legal Partnerships in Primary Care
Analyzes survey results of 502 adults who had visited a primary care provider in 2023 to investigate patient experiences with social needs screening (SNS) and medical-legal partnerships (MLP). Discusses rural patients' comfort with MLPs as an option to address social needs.
Author(s): Jamelia D. Graham, Jennifer L. Kraschnewski, Sophia I. Allen, et al.
Citation: Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 2026
Date: 01/2026
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Analyzes survey results of 502 adults who had visited a primary care provider in 2023 to investigate patient experiences with social needs screening (SNS) and medical-legal partnerships (MLP). Discusses rural patients' comfort with MLPs as an option to address social needs.
Author(s): Jamelia D. Graham, Jennifer L. Kraschnewski, Sophia I. Allen, et al.
Citation: Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 2026
Date: 01/2026
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Persistent Poverty and Breast Cancer Incidence by Tumor Subtype: Intersections of Rural/Urban Residence and Race Within USA Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registries, 2017 to 2021
Examines the relationship between breast cancer types and persistent poverty across rurality and demographic variables. Utilizes county-level 2017-2021 (excluding 2020) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to analyze breast cancer subtype rates, with breakdowns according to counties defined as persistent poverty or non-persistent poverty and by rural versus urban. Discusses the impact of sociodemographics on cancer disparities.
Author(s): Heather R. Sherr, Amr S. Soliman, Kimberly A. Bertrand, Kelly A. Hirko
Citation: Cancer Causes & Control, 37(26)
Date: 01/2026
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Examines the relationship between breast cancer types and persistent poverty across rurality and demographic variables. Utilizes county-level 2017-2021 (excluding 2020) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to analyze breast cancer subtype rates, with breakdowns according to counties defined as persistent poverty or non-persistent poverty and by rural versus urban. Discusses the impact of sociodemographics on cancer disparities.
Author(s): Heather R. Sherr, Amr S. Soliman, Kimberly A. Bertrand, Kelly A. Hirko
Citation: Cancer Causes & Control, 37(26)
Date: 01/2026
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