Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Infectious diseases
Factors Associated With Mortality in Appalachian Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Examines neighborhood characteristics related to Appalachian nursing home (NH) mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzes 1,259 NHs in Appalachia for COVID-19 death rates and overall mortality, with breakdowns according to NH characteristics, patient sociodemographics, and rurality.
Author(s): Erica Gigas, Baiming Zou, Lorinda A Coombs, et al.
Citation: The Permanente Journal, 1-9
Date: 04/2026
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Examines neighborhood characteristics related to Appalachian nursing home (NH) mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzes 1,259 NHs in Appalachia for COVID-19 death rates and overall mortality, with breakdowns according to NH characteristics, patient sociodemographics, and rurality.
Author(s): Erica Gigas, Baiming Zou, Lorinda A Coombs, et al.
Citation: The Permanente Journal, 1-9
Date: 04/2026
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Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Nursing Home Residents and Health Care Personnel — United States, 2024–25 Influenza Season
Reports on influenza vaccination during the 2024–25 influenza season for nursing home residents and healthcare workers. Provides pooled influenza coverage data by facility for nursing home residents and for nursing home personnel, with data by urbanicity for metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore areas.
Author(s): Jeneita M. Bell, Kira Barbre, Lu Meng, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(15), 195-201
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Reports on influenza vaccination during the 2024–25 influenza season for nursing home residents and healthcare workers. Provides pooled influenza coverage data by facility for nursing home residents and for nursing home personnel, with data by urbanicity for metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore areas.
Author(s): Jeneita M. Bell, Kira Barbre, Lu Meng, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(15), 195-201
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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H5N1 Focus Groups with Dairy and Poultry Workers Summary Report: May - September 2025
Summarizes focus group discussions among dairy and poultry workers about their knowledge of H5N1, hygienic and biosecurity practices on dairy farms, and barriers to healthcare access.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: National Center for Farmworker Health
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Summarizes focus group discussions among dairy and poultry workers about their knowledge of H5N1, hygienic and biosecurity practices on dairy farms, and barriers to healthcare access.
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: National Center for Farmworker Health
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First Covid-19 Vaccination Rates Among Pregnant Tennessee Women by Month of Conception and Urbanization Level: March 2021 - November 2021
Describes rates of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy among Tennessee women with a live birth who conceived from March-November 2021. Features statistics with breakdowns by month and by 4 levels of population density.
Author(s): Claudia Valenzuela, Anne K. Driscoll, Elizabeth Harvey, Heather Wingate
Citation: Journal of Appalachian Health, 8(1), 85-95
Date: 04/2026
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Describes rates of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy among Tennessee women with a live birth who conceived from March-November 2021. Features statistics with breakdowns by month and by 4 levels of population density.
Author(s): Claudia Valenzuela, Anne K. Driscoll, Elizabeth Harvey, Heather Wingate
Citation: Journal of Appalachian Health, 8(1), 85-95
Date: 04/2026
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Notes from the Field: Tetanus in Four Children — Idaho, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin, 2024
Reports on four cases of tetanus in children who had not completed a primary tetanus toxoid–containing vaccine (TTCV) series and did not receive TTCV or tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) after exposure and before illness onset. Two of the four children lived in nonmetro areas.
Author(s): Katherine L. Campbell, Avnika B. Amin, Jessica Goswitz, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(14), 192-193
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Reports on four cases of tetanus in children who had not completed a primary tetanus toxoid–containing vaccine (TTCV) series and did not receive TTCV or tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) after exposure and before illness onset. Two of the four children lived in nonmetro areas.
Author(s): Katherine L. Campbell, Avnika B. Amin, Jessica Goswitz, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(14), 192-193
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Hepatitis C Virus Transmission among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural United States: Mathematical Modeling Study Using Stochastic Agent-Based Network Simulation
Presents a study exploring a network simulation model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among rural people who inject drugs (PWID). Breaks down data by participant characteristics, such as age, sex, and HCV antibody positivity, among others, and network characteristics, such as size and percentage of PWID who are HCV positive, among others.
Author(s): Lin Zhu, Jennifer R Havens, Abby E Rudolph, et al.
Citation: American Journal of Epidemiology, 195(4), 937-947
Date: 04/2026
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Presents a study exploring a network simulation model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among rural people who inject drugs (PWID). Breaks down data by participant characteristics, such as age, sex, and HCV antibody positivity, among others, and network characteristics, such as size and percentage of PWID who are HCV positive, among others.
Author(s): Lin Zhu, Jennifer R Havens, Abby E Rudolph, et al.
Citation: American Journal of Epidemiology, 195(4), 937-947
Date: 04/2026
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Rural Targeted Messaging, Multiplex Salivary Measurement, and Rural Equity in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing: Protocol Overview of a SeroNet Investigation
Overview of a study protocol to examine the influence of rural-targeted messaging on uptake of serological (antibody) testing for COVID-19, using data of 194 people northern Michigan who viewed either rural-targeted or general didactic videos on antibody testing. Discusses how the study will examine the role of rural messaging on receptivity of antibody testing, among other factors.
Author(s): Leah Maschino, Kelly A. Hirko, Christopher D. Heaney, et al.
Citation: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 50, 101627
Date: 04/2026
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Overview of a study protocol to examine the influence of rural-targeted messaging on uptake of serological (antibody) testing for COVID-19, using data of 194 people northern Michigan who viewed either rural-targeted or general didactic videos on antibody testing. Discusses how the study will examine the role of rural messaging on receptivity of antibody testing, among other factors.
Author(s): Leah Maschino, Kelly A. Hirko, Christopher D. Heaney, et al.
Citation: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 50, 101627
Date: 04/2026
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Acute Myocardial Infarction in Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Examines how acute myocardial infarction incidence and outcomes differed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using 2018-2023 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiary data. Includes data breakdowns by level of rurality.
Author(s): Jonah M. Graves, R. J. Waken, Fengxian Wang, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 9(4), e264122
Date: 04/2026
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Examines how acute myocardial infarction incidence and outcomes differed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using 2018-2023 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiary data. Includes data breakdowns by level of rurality.
Author(s): Jonah M. Graves, R. J. Waken, Fengxian Wang, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 9(4), e264122
Date: 04/2026
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Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Health Care Personnel — United States, 2024–25 Respiratory Virus Season
Reports on influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage during the 2024-2025 respiratory virus season among healthcare personnel working in hospitals, ambulatory care, long-term care/home health, and other clinical settings. Includes data by workplace location for rural and urban areas.
Author(s): Mehreen Meghani, Zhuping Garacci, Hilda Razzaghi, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(12), 164-171
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Reports on influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage during the 2024-2025 respiratory virus season among healthcare personnel working in hospitals, ambulatory care, long-term care/home health, and other clinical settings. Includes data by workplace location for rural and urban areas.
Author(s): Mehreen Meghani, Zhuping Garacci, Hilda Razzaghi, et al.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 75(12), 164-171
Date: 04/2026
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Mapping Spatial and Social Inequities of Long COVID Across the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Examines spatiotemporal variables and social determinants as correlated with the Omicron variant and long COVID health risk. Analyzes 5,652,474 COVID-19 cases and 41,694 long COVID cases according to year, location, U.S. region, risk level of county, and social determinants, including rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zhetao Chen, Bingnan Lib, Yewen Chen, et al.
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 56, 101401
Date: 04/2026
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Examines spatiotemporal variables and social determinants as correlated with the Omicron variant and long COVID health risk. Analyzes 5,652,474 COVID-19 cases and 41,694 long COVID cases according to year, location, U.S. region, risk level of county, and social determinants, including rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zhetao Chen, Bingnan Lib, Yewen Chen, et al.
Citation: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 56, 101401
Date: 04/2026
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