Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Recruitment and retention of health professionals
Characteristics and Trends of Critical Access Hospitals That Own or Operate Ambulance Services
Explores trends in the number of Critical Access Hospital (CAH)-based ambulance services between 2017 and 2022. Analyzes Medicare Cost Report data to compare the characteristics of of CAHs that own and operate ambulance services to CAHs that do not. Presents findings from interviews with eight CAH-based ambulance services regarding the challenges of operating these services, including workforce recruitment and retention issues, the role of partnerships and community involvement, and lessons learned.
Author(s): John Gale, Karen Pearson, Rebecca Stearns, Zachariah Croll
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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Explores trends in the number of Critical Access Hospital (CAH)-based ambulance services between 2017 and 2022. Analyzes Medicare Cost Report data to compare the characteristics of of CAHs that own and operate ambulance services to CAHs that do not. Presents findings from interviews with eight CAH-based ambulance services regarding the challenges of operating these services, including workforce recruitment and retention issues, the role of partnerships and community involvement, and lessons learned.
Author(s): John Gale, Karen Pearson, Rebecca Stearns, Zachariah Croll
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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North Carolina Health Care Provider Placement Services: 2024 Profile
Fact sheet on funding, performance measures, and economic impact of the North Carolina Health Care Provider Placement Services program. Includes a county-level map showing provider placement and financial incentive locations.
Date: 02/2025
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Office of Rural Health
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Fact sheet on funding, performance measures, and economic impact of the North Carolina Health Care Provider Placement Services program. Includes a county-level map showing provider placement and financial incentive locations.
Date: 02/2025
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Office of Rural Health
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Enhancing Rural Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: Policy Brief and Recommendations to the Secretary
Provides an overview of issues related to opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas. Discusses access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), MOUD workforce, telehealth to support access to MOUD, and Medicaid 1115 demonstrations that address OUD. Offers policy recommendations related to regulatory barriers, reimbursement flexibility, workforce, and service site expansion to increase access to MOUD in rural areas.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services
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Provides an overview of issues related to opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas. Discusses access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), MOUD workforce, telehealth to support access to MOUD, and Medicaid 1115 demonstrations that address OUD. Offers policy recommendations related to regulatory barriers, reimbursement flexibility, workforce, and service site expansion to increase access to MOUD in rural areas.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services
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A Discrete Choice Experiment with Health Professions Trainees to Improve the Urban-Rural Health Care Access Disparity in Appalachia: Study Protocol
A study protocol that examines strategies and policies for successful recruitment of healthcare professionals in rural Appalachia. Discusses utilization of the discrete choice experiment methodology (DCE) to analyze medical residents and fellows, physician assistant (PA) students, and nurse practitioner (NP) students and their location choice for employment.
Author(s): Chris Gillette, Jan Ostermann, Sarah Garvick, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 20(1), e0316521
Date: 01/2025
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A study protocol that examines strategies and policies for successful recruitment of healthcare professionals in rural Appalachia. Discusses utilization of the discrete choice experiment methodology (DCE) to analyze medical residents and fellows, physician assistant (PA) students, and nurse practitioner (NP) students and their location choice for employment.
Author(s): Chris Gillette, Jan Ostermann, Sarah Garvick, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 20(1), e0316521
Date: 01/2025
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Strengthening Indiana's Clinical Training: Exploring Opportunities to Support Clinical Preceptors through Tax Credits
Provides background on healthcare workforce development in Indiana and utilizing state income tax credit programs to help recruit and retain clinical preceptors. Provides case studies on preceptor tax credit programs from Colorado and Hawai'i, with the Colorado program focusing on rural and frontier settings. Includes policy suggestions for incorporating similar funding mechanisms in Indiana to support clinical preceptors and develop the healthcare workforce.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research and Policy
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Provides background on healthcare workforce development in Indiana and utilizing state income tax credit programs to help recruit and retain clinical preceptors. Provides case studies on preceptor tax credit programs from Colorado and Hawai'i, with the Colorado program focusing on rural and frontier settings. Includes policy suggestions for incorporating similar funding mechanisms in Indiana to support clinical preceptors and develop the healthcare workforce.
Date: 01/2025
Sponsoring organization: Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research and Policy
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Implementation of the Acute Inpatient Medicine—High Reliability, Learning Environment, and Workforce Development Initiative (AIM-HI) in Rural Veterans Health Administration Hospitals: A Mixed Methods Evaluation Protocol
Details a study on the efficacy of a workforce training and development initiative implemented in several rural Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospitals. Discusses the High Reliability, Leaning Environment, and Workforce Development Initiative (AIM-HI) and explores outcomes in terms of job satisfaction, burnout, turnover, and retention of rural VHA workforce, among other measures.
Author(s): Heather M. Gilmartin, Brigid Connelly, Marguerite Daus, et al.
Citation: Journal of Hospital Medicine, 20(1), 33-41
Date: 01/2025
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Details a study on the efficacy of a workforce training and development initiative implemented in several rural Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospitals. Discusses the High Reliability, Leaning Environment, and Workforce Development Initiative (AIM-HI) and explores outcomes in terms of job satisfaction, burnout, turnover, and retention of rural VHA workforce, among other measures.
Author(s): Heather M. Gilmartin, Brigid Connelly, Marguerite Daus, et al.
Citation: Journal of Hospital Medicine, 20(1), 33-41
Date: 01/2025
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Addressing Workforce Challenges Across the Behavioral Health Continuum of Care: Proceedings of a Workshop
Summary of presentations and discussions from a July 2024 public workshop to address workforce needs and challenges related to behavioral healthcare. Includes discussions of telepsychiatry collaborative care to improve rural access and capacity, and recruiting and retaining Native American healthcare providers in behavioral health settings.
Author(s): Board on Health Care Services
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Health and Medicine Division (HMD), National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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Summary of presentations and discussions from a July 2024 public workshop to address workforce needs and challenges related to behavioral healthcare. Includes discussions of telepsychiatry collaborative care to improve rural access and capacity, and recruiting and retaining Native American healthcare providers in behavioral health settings.
Author(s): Board on Health Care Services
Date: 2025
Sponsoring organization: Health and Medicine Division (HMD), National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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2024 West Virginia Health Sciences and Rural Health Report
Review of medical school enrollment, licensing rates, student debt ratios, residency training, and retention rates in West Virginia, with special focus on the Rural Health Initiative Program. Includes dental and pharmacy program profiles, and describes the Medical Student Loan Program and the Health Sciences Service Program, providing financial awards to health professionals who agree to practice in underserved areas of West Virginia.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
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Review of medical school enrollment, licensing rates, student debt ratios, residency training, and retention rates in West Virginia, with special focus on the Rural Health Initiative Program. Includes dental and pharmacy program profiles, and describes the Medical Student Loan Program and the Health Sciences Service Program, providing financial awards to health professionals who agree to practice in underserved areas of West Virginia.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
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Select Committee on Advancing Rural and Small Town Health Care Final Report - To the General Assembly of Virginia
Recommendations for improvement in healthcare in rural Virginia, based on information from meetings with providers and citizens in rural areas. Areas of focus are health workforce, maternal health, dental care, obesity, telehealth, and transportation.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organizations: Commonwealth of Virginia, House Select Committee on Advancing Rural and Small Town Health Care
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Recommendations for improvement in healthcare in rural Virginia, based on information from meetings with providers and citizens in rural areas. Areas of focus are health workforce, maternal health, dental care, obesity, telehealth, and transportation.
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organizations: Commonwealth of Virginia, House Select Committee on Advancing Rural and Small Town Health Care
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An Enticing Offer: How Some Rural Communities Are Winning the Competition for New Clinicians
Discusses workforce shortages in rural communities, changing workforce demographics, and challenges to recruiting and retaining physicians in rural areas. Features strategies adopted by rural communities and providers to recruit and retain physicians, including leveraging relationships to promote retention and the promotion of rural fellowship and residency programs.
Author(s): Sarah Klein, Patricia Richardson Schoenbrun
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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Discusses workforce shortages in rural communities, changing workforce demographics, and challenges to recruiting and retaining physicians in rural areas. Features strategies adopted by rural communities and providers to recruit and retain physicians, including leveraging relationships to promote retention and the promotion of rural fellowship and residency programs.
Author(s): Sarah Klein, Patricia Richardson Schoenbrun
Date: 12/2024
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
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