Rural Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Trauma – Resources

Estimated Costs of Rural Freestanding Emergency Departments
Provides an overview of the rural freestanding emergency department (RFED) model as a feasible alternative for hospitals at risk of closure, or preparing for closure, to keep emergency services within the rural community.
Author(s): J. Dunc Williams, Paula H. Song, George H. Pink
Date: 11/2015
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Emergency Department Visits and Proximity to Patients' Residences, 2009-2010
Provides data on how often patients go to the emergency department (ED) closest to their home. Includes comparisons for patients living inside metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and outside MSAs, with data on whether patients visited the closest ED by patient age, hospital visit volume, and ED wait times.
Author(s): Amy M. Brown, Sandra L. Decker, Frederic W. Selck
Date: 03/2015
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: National Center for Health Statistics
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A Systems Development Guide for Rural Emergency Medical Services: A Systematic Approach to Generate Budgets for Rural Emergency Medical Services
Guidebook designed to help rural emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency response systems with development, modification, consolidation, and collaboration. Discusses EMS system upgrades, administration, funding, and budgeting.
Additional links: How to Use the EMS Budget Generator, Rural EMS Budget Generator
Author(s): Cheryl F. St. Clair
Date: 08/2014
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: National Center for Rural Health Works
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Overview of Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2011
Provides data on emergency department (ED) visits, including information on ED visits in rural areas.
Author(s): Audrey J. Weiss, Lauren M. Wier, Carol Stocks, Janice Blanchard
Date: 06/2014
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient 2014
Discusses regional trauma systems and levels of trauma centers. Chapter 13 focuses on rural trauma care.
Author(s): Michael F. Rotondo, Chris Cribari, R. Stephen Smith
Date: 2014
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: American College of Surgeons
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2011 National EMS Assessment
Provides a comprehensive description of emergency medical services (EMS), EMS emergency preparedness, and 911 systems at state and national levels. Chapters 9, 10, 158, and 194 discuss rural EMS, including rural status, rural patient transports, and Critical Access Hospitals.
Author(s): Greg Mears, Beth Armstrong, Antonio R. Fernandez, et al.
Date: 12/2011
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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Safety in Numbers: Are Major Cities the Safest Places in the United States?
Compares injury risk in urban areas to those in suburban and rural areas. Reports that death rates for injury are higher in frontier and rural areas.
Author(s): Sage R. Myers, Charles C. Branas, Benjamin C. French, et al.
Citation: Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62(4), 408-418
Date: 10/2011
Type: Document
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Rural Volunteer EMS: Reports from the Field
Explores the state of rural emergency medical services (EMS) by interviewing 49 local directors from all-volunteer rural services in 23 states. Addresses rural volunteers, recruitment and retention of EMTs, funding rural EMS agencies, billing, and more.
Author(s): Victoria A. Freeman, Stephen Rutledge, Michael Hamon, Rebecca T. Slifkin
Date: 08/2010
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Pediatric Care in Rural Hospital Emergency Departments
Analyzes data from the Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement (EPSES) to the National Hospital Ambulatory Medicare Care Survey comparing rural and urban hospitals' responses on various dimensions of pediatric emergency department care.
Author(s): Victoria A. Freeman, Randy K. Randolph, Stephanie Poley, Sarah Friedman, Rebecca T. Slifkin
Date: 05/2010
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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State Flex Program EMS/Trauma Activities and Integration of Critical Access Hospitals into Trauma Systems
Examines State Flex Program trauma-related and emergency medical system (EMS) activities and the designation of Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) as trauma centers. Includes data by state on CAH trauma center designation.
Additional links: Policy Brief
Author(s): Walter Gregg, Nicholas Jennings, Christopher Dickerson
Date: 03/2010
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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