Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Income
Stroke Technology Diffusion in Rural Settings: Differential Exposure to Certification Levels by Community Income Levels
Analyzes how access to certified stroke center services has varied over time among rural communities by median family income level, using 2009-2019 Medicare Provider and Analysis Review (MedPAR) data. Compares access to Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals, Primary Stroke Centers, Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Centers, or Comprehensive Stroke Centers among low, medium, and high-income communities.
Author(s): Yu-Chu Shen, Maya Spencer, Renee Y. Hsia
Citation: Neurology, 106(4), e214644
Date: 01/2026
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Analyzes how access to certified stroke center services has varied over time among rural communities by median family income level, using 2009-2019 Medicare Provider and Analysis Review (MedPAR) data. Compares access to Acute Stroke Ready Hospitals, Primary Stroke Centers, Thrombectomy-Capable Stroke Centers, or Comprehensive Stroke Centers among low, medium, and high-income communities.
Author(s): Yu-Chu Shen, Maya Spencer, Renee Y. Hsia
Citation: Neurology, 106(4), e214644
Date: 01/2026
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Rural America at a Glance: 2025 Edition
Provides an overview of social and economic factors affecting rural America, with a focus on population migration, poverty, and employment. Includes county-level maps as well as metro and nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Tracey Farrigan, Austin Sanders, Lauren Miller, et al.
Date: 01/2026
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Provides an overview of social and economic factors affecting rural America, with a focus on population migration, poverty, and employment. Includes county-level maps as well as metro and nonmetro comparisons.
Author(s): Tracey Farrigan, Austin Sanders, Lauren Miller, et al.
Date: 01/2026
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Iowa Health & Human Services System County Snapshots
Provides 2026 snapshots of all Iowa counties related to population characteristics, access to healthcare, mental health, substance use, economic stability, housing, transportation, and health behaviors and outcomes.
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organization: Iowa Department of Health and Human Services
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Provides 2026 snapshots of all Iowa counties related to population characteristics, access to healthcare, mental health, substance use, economic stability, housing, transportation, and health behaviors and outcomes.
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organization: Iowa Department of Health and Human Services
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Annual Disability Statistics Compendium 2026
Presents statistics on Americans with disabilities across key social and economic indicators derived from American Community Survey (ACS) data, including employment, educational attainment, health and healthcare, and more. Section 10 presents data on people with disabilities in rural areas, and compares the prevalence of disability, demographic characteristics, employment status, income, and insurance coverage status across metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore areas.
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organizations: Center for Research on Disability, Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
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Presents statistics on Americans with disabilities across key social and economic indicators derived from American Community Survey (ACS) data, including employment, educational attainment, health and healthcare, and more. Section 10 presents data on people with disabilities in rural areas, and compares the prevalence of disability, demographic characteristics, employment status, income, and insurance coverage status across metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore areas.
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organizations: Center for Research on Disability, Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
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Median Household Income by County
Printable map that shows the estimated median household income nationwide by county. Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Information Hub
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Printable map that shows the estimated median household income nationwide by county. Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates
Date: 2026
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Information Hub
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Rurality, Socioeconomic Status, and Psychosocial Health Outcomes During Pregnancy
Examines pregnancy-related depressive symptoms, quality of life, and perceived stress across socioeconomic and geographic variables. Analyzes 2020-2024 data from 497 pregnant women according to their psychosocial health with breakdowns by socioeconomic status, area deprivation index, and location of urban, micropolitan rural, or small town rural.
Author(s): Katrina L. Wilhite, Jacob Gallagher, Alex Crisp, et al.
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26, 23
Date: 12/2025
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Examines pregnancy-related depressive symptoms, quality of life, and perceived stress across socioeconomic and geographic variables. Analyzes 2020-2024 data from 497 pregnant women according to their psychosocial health with breakdowns by socioeconomic status, area deprivation index, and location of urban, micropolitan rural, or small town rural.
Author(s): Katrina L. Wilhite, Jacob Gallagher, Alex Crisp, et al.
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26, 23
Date: 12/2025
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Differences in GLP-1 RA Medication Adherence Across Place-Based Variables in Patients with Diabetes Living in Wisconsin
Analyzes adherence to GLP-1 RA medications for diabetes treatment among Wisconsin adults by geographic and demographic group, utilizing 2020-2022 Wisconsin Health Information Organization data. Compares adherence by rural or urban status, among other factors.
Author(s): Kara L. Gavin, Rabia Amjad, Vaia Makris, Joan M. Neuner
Citation: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 31(12), 1311-1319
Date: 11/2025
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Analyzes adherence to GLP-1 RA medications for diabetes treatment among Wisconsin adults by geographic and demographic group, utilizing 2020-2022 Wisconsin Health Information Organization data. Compares adherence by rural or urban status, among other factors.
Author(s): Kara L. Gavin, Rabia Amjad, Vaia Makris, Joan M. Neuner
Citation: Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, 31(12), 1311-1319
Date: 11/2025
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Recovery Through a Disability Lens: Impacts of the 2023 Maui Wildfires on Disability Equity and Shared Prosperity
Reports on the impacts of the August 2023 Hawaii wildfires on the housing, employment and income, health, and life satisfaction of West Maui or Kula residents with disabilities. Details how disaster preparedness and recovery policy influence health and quality-of-life disparities for people with disabilities.
Additional links: Plain Language Version
Author(s): Daniela Bond-Smith, Ruben Juarez, Alika Maunakea
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Economic Research Organization at the University of Hawai'i
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Reports on the impacts of the August 2023 Hawaii wildfires on the housing, employment and income, health, and life satisfaction of West Maui or Kula residents with disabilities. Details how disaster preparedness and recovery policy influence health and quality-of-life disparities for people with disabilities.
Additional links: Plain Language Version
Author(s): Daniela Bond-Smith, Ruben Juarez, Alika Maunakea
Date: 11/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Economic Research Organization at the University of Hawai'i
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2025 Nebraska Rural Poll Research Report: Well Being
Analyzes 2025 Nebraska Rural Poll results related to how rural Nebraskans perceive their current and future well-being, life satisfaction, personal finances, impact of marital status, feelings of loneliness, and more. Includes survey data and demographic information on survey respondents.
Author(s): Heather Akin, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, et al.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Analyzes 2025 Nebraska Rural Poll results related to how rural Nebraskans perceive their current and future well-being, life satisfaction, personal finances, impact of marital status, feelings of loneliness, and more. Includes survey data and demographic information on survey respondents.
Author(s): Heather Akin, Cheryl Burkhart-Kriesel, Mary Emery, et al.
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Assessing Measurement Invariance in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment Across Levels of Urbanicity
Examines neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) variables by census tract and their relationship to public health. Provides data on poverty, use of public assistance, employment characteristics, transportation insecurity, education, and more, by higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural location.
Author(s): S. S. A. De Silva, Melissa A. Meeker, Tara P. McAlexander, et al.
Citation: Journal of Urban Health, 102, 1094-1103
Date: 10/2025
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Examines neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) variables by census tract and their relationship to public health. Provides data on poverty, use of public assistance, employment characteristics, transportation insecurity, education, and more, by higher density urban, lower density urban, suburban/small town, and rural location.
Author(s): S. S. A. De Silva, Melissa A. Meeker, Tara P. McAlexander, et al.
Citation: Journal of Urban Health, 102, 1094-1103
Date: 10/2025
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