Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Income
Rural-Urban Differences in Dietary Intake Across Pregnancy Trimesters: A Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Examines the relationship among dietary intake during pregnancy, socioeconomic status (SES), and rural versus urban location. Analyzes screening data from 495 pregnant women with rural versus urban breakdowns according to study site; demographics; SES variables of income, education, and insurance status; and fiber intake. Discusses the impact of rurality and SES on nutrition during pregnancy.
Author(s): Alex H. Crisp, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Jacob B. Gallagher, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(4), e70085
Date: 10/2025
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Examines the relationship among dietary intake during pregnancy, socioeconomic status (SES), and rural versus urban location. Analyzes screening data from 495 pregnant women with rural versus urban breakdowns according to study site; demographics; SES variables of income, education, and insurance status; and fiber intake. Discusses the impact of rurality and SES on nutrition during pregnancy.
Author(s): Alex H. Crisp, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Jacob B. Gallagher, et al.
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(4), e70085
Date: 10/2025
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The Landscape of Mental Health and Financial Support for Midwest Farmers
A recorded webinar that discusses the farm crisis of the 2010s and how it impacted farmers in the Midwest. Presents research on individual and contextual determinants that correlate with farmer mental and financial health and help-seeking behaviors. Provides information on mental health programming, rural mental healthcare access, and policy strategies to support farmers.
Author(s): Florence Becot, Carrie Henning-Smith, Andrea Bjornestad, Sarah Ruszkowski
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
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A recorded webinar that discusses the farm crisis of the 2010s and how it impacted farmers in the Midwest. Presents research on individual and contextual determinants that correlate with farmer mental and financial health and help-seeking behaviors. Provides information on mental health programming, rural mental healthcare access, and policy strategies to support farmers.
Author(s): Florence Becot, Carrie Henning-Smith, Andrea Bjornestad, Sarah Ruszkowski
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
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Usual Source of Care Among Adults Aged 18-64 Years Post-ACA, 2010-2017
Examines self-reported usual source of care (USC) after Affordable Care Act implementation among various income groups and geographical areas. Utilizes 2010–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to analyze USC with breakdowns according to low, middle, and high income as well as rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Sara Shahbazi, John D. Goodson
Citation: Annals of Family Medicine, 23(5), 457-459
Date: 09/2025
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Examines self-reported usual source of care (USC) after Affordable Care Act implementation among various income groups and geographical areas. Utilizes 2010–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to analyze USC with breakdowns according to low, middle, and high income as well as rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Sara Shahbazi, John D. Goodson
Citation: Annals of Family Medicine, 23(5), 457-459
Date: 09/2025
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Income in the United States: 2024
Reports on income levels for 2023 and 2024, along with the percent change from 2022 to 2023. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Melissa Kollar, Zach Sherer
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
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Reports on income levels for 2023 and 2024, along with the percent change from 2022 to 2023. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Melissa Kollar, Zach Sherer
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
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Progress and Vulnerability Two Years After the Wildfires: A Data-Driven Update from the Maui Recovery Survey
Reports on the impact of the August 2023 Hawaii wildfires on housing, employment, income, and government and community organization assistance among those who lived, worked, or owned a business in in West Maui or Kula at the time of the fires. The associated Maui Recovery Dashboard includes additional data on survey participant demographics, employment, income, needs, and assistance.
Additional links: Maui Recovery Dashboard
Author(s): Daniela Bond-Smith, Sophia Davis, Marceline Kanaiaupuni-Naff
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Economic Research Organization at the University of Hawai'i
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Reports on the impact of the August 2023 Hawaii wildfires on housing, employment, income, and government and community organization assistance among those who lived, worked, or owned a business in in West Maui or Kula at the time of the fires. The associated Maui Recovery Dashboard includes additional data on survey participant demographics, employment, income, needs, and assistance.
Additional links: Maui Recovery Dashboard
Author(s): Daniela Bond-Smith, Sophia Davis, Marceline Kanaiaupuni-Naff
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Economic Research Organization at the University of Hawai'i
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Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023
Highlights from the 2023 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE), which provides single-year median household income and poverty statistics. Includes county-level maps showing income and poverty rates in 2023 and changes from 2022 to 2023 for the total population and children.
Additional links: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023 Report
Author(s): Sara B. Robinson, Sam A. Shirazi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
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Highlights from the 2023 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE), which provides single-year median household income and poverty statistics. Includes county-level maps showing income and poverty rates in 2023 and changes from 2022 to 2023 for the total population and children.
Additional links: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023 Report
Author(s): Sara B. Robinson, Sam A. Shirazi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
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Illinoisans' Perceptions about Physicians' Pay
Examines perceptions of health worker pay and payments to healthcare businesses in metro versus nonmetro Illinois populations.
Author(s): Adee Athiyaman
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Illinois Institute for Rural Affairs
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Examines perceptions of health worker pay and payments to healthcare businesses in metro versus nonmetro Illinois populations.
Author(s): Adee Athiyaman
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: Illinois Institute for Rural Affairs
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Looking Back on the Origins of the NMTC New Markets Tax Credit Coalition
Provides an overview of The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) Coalition projects and investments from the 1980s to present day. Includes stories related to rural job creation and rural economic development.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: The New Markets Tax Credit Coalition
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Provides an overview of The New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) Coalition projects and investments from the 1980s to present day. Includes stories related to rural job creation and rural economic development.
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: The New Markets Tax Credit Coalition
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Economic Factors Associated With County-Level Mental Health – United States, 2019
Explores the correlation between economic factors, such as household income, education, and supplemental income and nutritional support, and county-level mental health. Breaks down economic factors, such as employment, income and wealth, and expenses by rural and urban location.
Author(s): Michele L.F. Bolduc, Parya Saberi, Torsten B. Neilands, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 20(6), e0300939
Date: 06/2025
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Explores the correlation between economic factors, such as household income, education, and supplemental income and nutritional support, and county-level mental health. Breaks down economic factors, such as employment, income and wealth, and expenses by rural and urban location.
Author(s): Michele L.F. Bolduc, Parya Saberi, Torsten B. Neilands, et al.
Citation: PLoS One, 20(6), e0300939
Date: 06/2025
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Key Facts About Medicare Beneficiaries in Rural Areas
Presents information and data about rural Medicare beneficiaries, including demographic and health characteristics, access to healthcare, and satisfaction with care. Compares data on beneficiaries living in urban areas, rural areas adjacent to an urban area, and rural areas not adjacent to an urban area.
Author(s): Nancy Ochieng, Alex Cottrill, Juliette Cubanski, Tricia Neuman
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Presents information and data about rural Medicare beneficiaries, including demographic and health characteristics, access to healthcare, and satisfaction with care. Compares data on beneficiaries living in urban areas, rural areas adjacent to an urban area, and rural areas not adjacent to an urban area.
Author(s): Nancy Ochieng, Alex Cottrill, Juliette Cubanski, Tricia Neuman
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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