Social Determinants of Health for Rural People – Resources
Selected recent or important resources focusing on Social Determinants of Health for Rural People.
Time to Build: How Do We Develop More (Affordable) Housing in Rural America?
Provides discussion on housing policy, statistics on rural housing supply, and potential solutions to provide more rural housing options, such as utilizing public lands, manufactured homes, and more. Includes county-level data on housing unit changes and metro versus nonmetro trends in new single family homes.
Additional links: Housing Unit Change, 2013-2023 Infographic
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Housing Assistance Council
view details
Provides discussion on housing policy, statistics on rural housing supply, and potential solutions to provide more rural housing options, such as utilizing public lands, manufactured homes, and more. Includes county-level data on housing unit changes and metro versus nonmetro trends in new single family homes.
Additional links: Housing Unit Change, 2013-2023 Infographic
Date: 10/2025
Sponsoring organization: Housing Assistance Council
view details
Income in the United States: 2024
Reports on income levels for 2023 and 2024, along with the percent change from 2022 to 2023. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Melissa Kollar, Zach Sherer
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Reports on income levels for 2023 and 2024, along with the percent change from 2022 to 2023. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Melissa Kollar, Zach Sherer
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Poverty in the United States: 2024
Reports on poverty rates for 2023 and 2024, including changes in official poverty and changes in the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Emily A. Shrider, Christina Bijou
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Reports on poverty rates for 2023 and 2024, including changes in official poverty and changes in the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rate. Includes statistics for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on data from the 2025and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.
Author(s): Emily A. Shrider, Christina Bijou
Date: 09/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Examining the Burden of Chronic Disease and Low SES to Identify High-Need Rural Counties
Analyzes the geographic and sociodemographic profile of rural, high-need counties in the United States. Examines chronic disease prevalence, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare facilities by county, with additional breakdowns by demographic characteristics of low-, moderate-, and high-need counties.
Author(s): Gabriel A. Benavidez, Emma Boswell, Peiyin Hung, Elizabeth Crouch
Citation: Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 31(5), 691-699
Date: 09/2025
view details
Analyzes the geographic and sociodemographic profile of rural, high-need counties in the United States. Examines chronic disease prevalence, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare facilities by county, with additional breakdowns by demographic characteristics of low-, moderate-, and high-need counties.
Author(s): Gabriel A. Benavidez, Emma Boswell, Peiyin Hung, Elizabeth Crouch
Citation: Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 31(5), 691-699
Date: 09/2025
view details
A Twenty-Year Review: Revisiting the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Funding Needs and Gaps in the Appalachian Region
Provides county, state, and metro versus nonmetro data on water and wastewater infrastructure in the Appalachian region. Discusses funding and collaborative possibilities to improve critical infrastructure in Appalachian communities.
Additional links: Executive Summary
Author(s): Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi, Christy M. Ihlo, Leigh Anne Krometis, Kara Millonzi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Appalachian Regional Commission
view details
Provides county, state, and metro versus nonmetro data on water and wastewater infrastructure in the Appalachian region. Discusses funding and collaborative possibilities to improve critical infrastructure in Appalachian communities.
Additional links: Executive Summary
Author(s): Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi, Christy M. Ihlo, Leigh Anne Krometis, Kara Millonzi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: Appalachian Regional Commission
view details
Community Navigation Intervention for Social Needs in Patients With Abnormal Mammography: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol
Presents a study exploring the efficacy of community navigators, such as 211, to help alleviate the social need and change the likelihood of cancer patients with unmet social needs to complete their follow-up care. Discusses the importance of follow-up care in the treatment and prevention of cancer and the barriers individuals with unmet social needs face to receive it. Explores rurality as a potential barrier.
Author(s): Kirstin Beck, Mackenzie Mitchell, Andrea S. Wallace, et al.
Citation: BMC Public Health, 25, 2926
Date: 08/2025
view details
Presents a study exploring the efficacy of community navigators, such as 211, to help alleviate the social need and change the likelihood of cancer patients with unmet social needs to complete their follow-up care. Discusses the importance of follow-up care in the treatment and prevention of cancer and the barriers individuals with unmet social needs face to receive it. Explores rurality as a potential barrier.
Author(s): Kirstin Beck, Mackenzie Mitchell, Andrea S. Wallace, et al.
Citation: BMC Public Health, 25, 2926
Date: 08/2025
view details
Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023
Highlights from the 2023 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE), which provides single-year median household income and poverty statistics. Includes county-level maps showing income and poverty rates in 2023 and changes from 2022 to 2023 for the total population and children.
Additional links: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023 Report
Author(s): Sara B. Robinson, Sam A. Shirazi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Highlights from the 2023 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE), which provides single-year median household income and poverty statistics. Includes county-level maps showing income and poverty rates in 2023 and changes from 2022 to 2023 for the total population and children.
Additional links: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates: 2023 Report
Author(s): Sara B. Robinson, Sam A. Shirazi
Date: 08/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
The Relationship Between the Population Experiencing Homelessness and Living in Shelters and Poverty
Presents as paper exploring the U.S. Census data related to poverty for the housed and unhoused population. Discusses how these groups compare to one another. Breaks down data by rural, urban, and national rates.
Author(s): Brian Glassman
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Presents as paper exploring the U.S. Census data related to poverty for the housed and unhoused population. Discusses how these groups compare to one another. Breaks down data by rural, urban, and national rates.
Author(s): Brian Glassman
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Census Bureau
view details
Geographic and Demographic Correlates of Living in Manufactured Homes: Implications for Health
Examines rates of living in manufactured homes by rural and urban location, and rates among rural residents by region and socio-demographic characteristics. Features statistics on likelihood of living in manufactured housing, crowded housing by manufactured housing status, and housing quality and cost burden, with breakdowns by urban and rural location.
Author(s): Carrie Henning-Smith, Jonathan Schroeder, Alexis Swendener, Madeleine Pick, Megan Lahr
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center
view details
Examines rates of living in manufactured homes by rural and urban location, and rates among rural residents by region and socio-demographic characteristics. Features statistics on likelihood of living in manufactured housing, crowded housing by manufactured housing status, and housing quality and cost burden, with breakdowns by urban and rural location.
Author(s): Carrie Henning-Smith, Jonathan Schroeder, Alexis Swendener, Madeleine Pick, Megan Lahr
Date: 07/2025
Sponsoring organization: University of Minnesota Rural Health Research Center
view details
County Economic Status in Appalachia, FY 2026
Shows levels of economic distress in Appalachian counties based on unemployment rates, income, and poverty levels. Includes interactive map, downloadable maps and data files, and data report.
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Appalachian Regional Commission
view details
Shows levels of economic distress in Appalachian counties based on unemployment rates, income, and poverty levels. Includes interactive map, downloadable maps and data files, and data report.
Date: 05/2025
Sponsoring organization: Appalachian Regional Commission
view details
Additional resources are available related to this guide. See the full list of resources by topic for:
- Educational attainment
- Employment and unemployment
- Environmental health
- Health literacy
- Housing and homelessness
- Income
- Infrastructure
- Poverty
- Social determinants of health
Last Updated: 11/14/2025