Peer-Based Recovery Support Programs

Peer-based recovery support programs are non-clinical services provided by individuals with lived experience of substance use disorders (SUD) who have undergone specialized training in recovery and peer support. Peer specialists offer emotional support, mentorship, information sharing, and assistance with practical needs such as paperwork and transportation. By drawing on their personal experiences, peer specialists help foster social connections and create an empathetic, understanding environment for those in recovery.

Peer specialists are increasingly being integrated into healthcare systems to provide a more comprehensive and coordinated approach to behavioral healthcare. They can work alongside clinicians, therapists, case managers, and recovery coaches as part of multidisciplinary teams. They help bridge the gap between patients and providers and can improve overall quality of care. Peer-based recovery support programs have been associated with positive recovery outcomes for individuals with SUD.

Peer Support Warmlines are peer-operated support lines accessible via phone, chat, or text. They are staffed by trained peers with firsthand experience of mental health challenges or substance use. They offer non-judgmental support to individuals experiencing emotional distress or seeking connection and provide a safe space to talk through emotions, explore self-directed solutions, and feel understood. Unlike crisis hotlines that address emergencies, warmlines focus on prevention and wellness, emphasizing peer-to-peer support to reduce distress and empower individuals to take control of their well-being.

Examples of Rural Peer-Based Recovery Support Programs

Arukah Institute's Living Room Program provides no-cost services to people in recovery from a substance use disorder. The Living Room, which resembles a real living room, is staffed by peer support specialists, offers health promotion materials, and provides other basic services like food and showers. The peer support specialists all have lived experience with substance use and/or mental illness and are available to help de-escalate crises and connect visitors to community resources.
The Montana Recovery Warmline is a toll-free hotline connecting individuals in rural areas with trained peer support specialists to overcome barriers to recovery support.
The Great Lakes Recovery Centers' Peer Recovery Services, located in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, offers mentoring, resource linking, recovery groups, and a safe community through a drop-in center that serves multiple counties.
MCD Global Health's Rural Behavioral Health Workforce Center is focused on training individuals with lived experience of SUD. This program equips participants with skill development and certifications for peer support roles, prioritizing rural communities in Maine.

Considerations for Implementation

Gaining buy-in from healthcare providers who may be unfamiliar with the value of peer support can be challenging in rural areas. Standardized certification programs have helped address this by ensuring peer specialists meet rigorous training and competency standards. Certification typically involves coursework, fees, testing, and renewals, with resources provided by organizations like the National Association of Peer Supporters.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services recognizes peer support services as an evidence-based mental health model and provides guidance on reimbursement. However, reimbursement rates may vary depending on the care setting and state regulations.

By providing person-centered, experience-based support, peer specialists strengthen the recovery community and provide vital services in areas with limited behavioral health resources.

Program Clearinghouse Examples

Resources to Learn More

Peer Support Workers for Those in Recovery
Website
Provides an overview of peer support roles in recovery and related resources.
Organization(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Rural Recovery Innovations
Document
Offers promising practices for improving access to behavioral health services including recommendations for increasing peer and family support services.
Organization(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Date: 1/2025