Mutual Support Groups and Self-Help Programs
For individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), mutual support groups and self-help programs are valuable components of recovery. These interventions can be implemented online or in community settings, offering structured programs with behavioral, spiritual, and cognitive components. Prominent examples include 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
Research highlights the effectiveness of community-based self-help groups in promoting abstinence from alcohol and other substances. Regular and frequent participation has been associated with higher rates of sustained recovery.
Group Therapy for SUD
Group therapy is an evidence-based approach that complements
individual counseling. Group therapy for SUD can incorporate various methods, including cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT), and allows participants to share experiences and learn from each other.
Group therapy sessions may focus on specific topics (for example, managing triggers and coping
skills) or adopt a general recovery-oriented approach.
Group therapy can take various formats:
- Open groups are ongoing, allowing members to join or leave as needed, often used in residential or inpatient settings.
- Closed groups are limited to a set duration with the same participants, typically used in outpatient settings.
Group-based opioid treatment is an emerging model that combines group psychotherapy with shared medical appointments. It is designed for individuals recovering from SUD who may have chronic or co-occurring conditions, providing peer support and integrated care.
12-Step Programs
The 12-step approach, followed by groups like
AA, NA, and Medication-Assisted Recovery Anonymous
(MARA), provides a structured framework for recovery based on peer support, group meetings, and
sponsorship. Traditional 12-step programs emphasize complete abstinence, which can create challenges
for individuals using medication as part of their recovery. MARA was developed as an alternative to
address this issue, supporting those who incorporate medication into their recovery.
Programs for Family and Friends
Friends and family members who are concerned about someone with a drinking or substance use problem
can also benefit from mutual support groups. Programs like Al-Anon/Alateen and Nar-Anon help
participants navigate the impact of another person's addiction while focusing on their own
well-being. Research has shown that these programs can help reduce stress, improve emotional
resilience, and help participants establish healthy boundaries.
Examples of Rural Mutual Support Groups and Self-Help Programs
- SMART (Self-Management and Recovery Training) Recovery is a recovery support group that emphasizes self-management and recovery training. It supports individuals recovering from SUD, as well as behavioral addictions like gambling. SMART Recovery offers in-person meetings, including in rural communities, and online meetings making it accessible in remote areas where physical support groups may be limited.
Considerations for Implementation
Mutual support groups and self-help programs provide welcoming, supportive environments and help participants to build relationships that are important for sustained recovery. These programs are typically low-cost or free, making them accessible options for ongoing support. However, programs implementing mutual support groups in rural settings may encounter unique challenges. Smaller communities may limit the availability of specialized groups tailored to various populations. Additionally, transportation barriers can make it difficult to access in-person meetings, highlighting the importance of online options.
Program Clearinghouse Examples
Resources to Learn More
Principles of Drug
Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition)
Document
Reviews the role of 12-step programs across various types of SUD treatment.
Organization(s): National Institute on Drug Abuse
Date: 1/2018